Lub koob yees duab aperture yog dab tsi? Txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa aperture

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Yuav kom kawm paub yuav ua li cas coj zoo nkauj thiab, tsis tsawg, cov duab zoo, koj yuav tsum paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev yees duab. Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj xav tsom rau tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm daim duab? Thiab lub koob yees duab aperture yog dab tsi? Nov yog qee cov lus nug uas cov kws yees duab pib nug.

Lub koob yees duab aperture yog dab tsi?

Txhua yam yooj yim thiab nyuaj tib lub sijhawm. Lub aperture ntawm lub koob yees duab yog ib lub me me, sib npaug lub qhov, muaj ob peb petals, nyob rau hauv lub koob yees duab lens. Txoj haujlwm diaphragm tuaj yeem hloov kho manually lossis txiav. Tab sis ntau tus neeg yuam kev ntseeg tias aperture thiab shutter yog tib yam. Tab sis cov no yog qhov sib txawv kiag li ntawm lub koob yees duab. Lub shutter yog lub kaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub sensor, thiab lub iris nyob rau hauv lub lens.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm aperture ntawm kev yees duab

Nws yuav tsum tau qhia ntawm no:

• Qhov ci ntawm cov xim hauv daim duab. Lub degree ntawm aperture qhib txiav txim qhov degree ntawm illumination thiab xim tob hauv daim duab.
• Qhov zoo ntawm qhov tau txaisDuab. Qhov loj ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov qhib, qhov ntau ntug rays nkag mus rau lub lens. Ntawm qhov tod tes, me me ib txoj kab uas hla yog undesirable vim lub teeb diffraction. Ob qho kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov duab tshwm sim, txo nws qhov sib piv.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Kom nkag siab zoo dua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub kaw lus, koj tuaj yeem ua piv txwv hauv tsev. Thaum ib tug neeg saib lub hnub, nws squints nws ob lub qhov muag kom txo tau cov teeb los rau hauv. Thaum tsaus ntuj, txhua yam tshwm sim rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Tus neeg qhib qhov muag kom deb li deb tau thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv nthuav dav kom ntes tau lub teeb kom ntau li ntau tau.

Lub aperture ntawm koj lub koob yees duab ua haujlwm zoo ib yam. Thaum lub shutter khawm ntawm lub koob yees duab yog nias, lub qhov qhib thiab lub teeb kis mus rau lub photosensitive matrix ntawm koj lub koob yees duab. Qhov teeb pom kev tsis zoo, qhov ntau yuav tsum qhib.

Kev tsim kho

Nrog dab tsi lub diaphragm yog, nws yuav tsum tau meej. Tam sim no peb yuav tsum to taub nws cov qauv. Cov khoom siv diaphragm muaj peb yam tshwj xeeb: iris, jumper thiab repeater.

Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ib txwm, iris diaphragm yog ib qho damper uas lub teeb ntws tau yooj yim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm nyias cov ntsiab lus ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab zoo ib yam li cov nplaim paj. Lawv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub npoo ntawm lub lens, hloov mus rau qhov chaw, yog li nce lossis txo qhov ntws ntawm lub teeb. Nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws qhib aperture, ib puag ncig lub qhov yog tsim, nrog ib feem qhib aperture, ib tug polygon yog tsim. Qhov qhib lub qhov ntau, lub teeb yuav tau txais ntau duaphotosensitive matrix ntawm lub koob yees duab. Aperture teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua tiav manually lossis txiav.

Koj tuaj yeem kho lub aperture manually siv lub nplhaib ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub lens chim. Ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem pom cov lej. Txhawm rau hloov qhov degree ntawm aperture qhib, koj yuav tsum tig lub nplhaib. Tom qab ntawd cov nplooj yuav txav los yog txav mus deb.

Qhov zoo dua ntawm lub lens aperture, ntau cov nplooj hlau nws yuav muaj. Qhov no yog ib tug tsis tu ncua. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub iris diaphragm ntawm txhua lub koob yees duab.

Dhia Aperture yog qhov kev tswj hwm siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau niaj hnub SLR koob yees duab. Nws kaw lub aperture rau yav tas los teem f-stop thaum lub shutter khawm nias. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim vim tias qhov aperture tso cai rau pom thiab ua kom pom tseeb ua ntej thaij duab.

Aperture repeater yog ib txoj hauv kev hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub pob lossis lub zog, uas koj tuaj yeem kaw lub aperture ua ntej thaij duab ib yam khoom. Nws yog siv los xyuas qhov tob thiab ntse ua ntej tua. Feem ntau lub pob nyob ze ntawm lub lens.

Qhov txawv ntawm SLR thiab cov koob yees duab digital apertures

Ua ntej, qhov tseeb dua qhov chaw aperture muaj nyob hauv SLR.

Thib ob, SLR koob yees duab tso cai rau koj los nruab lub lens sai dua.

Thib peb, cov koob yees duab digital muaj qhov tsawg dua qhov kev cai.

Fourthly, lub koob yees duab reflex muaj ib tug phau ntawv aperture teeb muaj nuj nqi.

Aperture txuas thiabexcerpts

Lub shutter "txiav txim siab" thaum lub koob yees duab lub teeb sensor qhib lossis kaw rau lub teeb. Lub shutter ceev, nyob rau hauv lem, txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas lub sensor yuav qhib. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, qhov no yog lub sij hawm ncua lub sij hawm uas lub teeb rays tsoo lub photosensitive ib feem ntawm lub koob yees duab. Qhov chaw raug kis yog milliseconds thiab vib nas this. Nws raug xaiv raws li hauv qab no: 1/200. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub koob yees duab teeb tsa lawv tus kheej, tsuas yog tus denominator ntawm cov feem yuav tshwm sim. Yog hais tias lub shutter ceev yog ntau tshaj ib tug thib ob, nws yog qhia los ntawm ib tug dog dig tooj. Ntawd yog, yog tias lub kaw lus ceev yog 3 vib nas this, tus lej no yuav tshwm rau ntawm qhov screen.

Shutter ceev thiab aperture nyob rau hauv ua ke ua rau ob peb raug. Thiab nws yog ob lub ntsiab lus uas txiav txim siab qhov raug. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub aperture yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tus nqi ntawm lub teeb los, thiab lub shutter ceev yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub sij hawm ncua.

Kev teeb tsa nws pib feem ntau ua ke kaw qhov nrawm thiab aperture hauv ob txoj hauv kev:

1. Txoj kab uas hla loj thiab kaw nrawm nrawm.
2. Me me aperture thiab qeeb shutter ceev.

Thaum teeb tsa qhov nrawm thiab aperture koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum paub tias koj yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qee qhov chaw. Muaj ntau qhov chaw kaw nrawm uas yuav pab koj siv nws kom raug:

• Ntawm 1 txog 30 vib nas this lossis ntau dua. Haum rau kev thaij duab thaum hmo ntuj lossis hauv qhov pom kev tsawg.
• 2 rau 1/2 vib nas this. Muab smoothness rau khiav dej los yog softens cov txheej txheem ntawm scenery scene.
• Ntawm 1/2 rau1/30 sec. Haum rau kev yees duab ib qho kev txav. Qhov no yuav plam tom qab ntawm daim duab. Qhia txog kev tua yam tsis muaj lub koob yees duab, tab sis siv kev ruaj ntseg.
• 1/50 rau 1/1000 ntawm ib ob. Ib txwm tuav tes tua, tab sis tsis zoom ntau.
• 1/250 rau 1/500 ntawm ib ob. Yees duab qhov khoom txav. Tej zaum tsis muaj lub koob yees duab thiab nrog lub siab loj.
• Ntawm 1/1000 rau 1/40000 ntawm ib ob. Nres qhov khoom txav nrawm.

Manual aperture setting

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov kws yees duab novice thaum xav txog yuav ua li cas teeb lub aperture yog qhov sib txuam ntawm aperture. Hloov txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm kev yees duab ib zaug - aperture thiab qhov tob ntawm daim teb. Aperture - qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb tau txais los ntawm matrix los ntawm lub qhov. Tus kws yees duab yuav tsum muaj peev xwm xaiv lub qhov loj me kom tau txais cov duab zoo. Ntsej muag yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub koob yees duab ntawm cov ciam teb nyob ze thiab deb, nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsom. Qhov tob ntawm daim teb yog faib los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau cov npoo ntawm daim duab. Yog li, qhov ze rau ntawm ntug, qhov ntau qhov muag plooj yuav yog.

Aperture yog denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv f. Tus lej tom qab tsab ntawv yog nws tus nqi. Tab sis qhov ratio yog inversely proportional. Tus lej tsawg dua, qhov loj dua qhov aperture yuav yog. Piv txwv li, tom qab tsab ntawv F yog tus lej 1, 4. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub koob yees duab aperture yog dav qhib. Yog tias tus lej yog 16, ces qhov aperture tau qhib tsawg kawg nkaus.

Yog tiagdab tsi tshwm sim nrog cov lej? Yog tias koj yuav tsum tau txo qis ntawm lub teeb flux, ces lub qhov yuav dhau los ua ob zaug me dua. Hauv qhov no, txoj kab uas hla hloov los ntawm qhov ua tau ntawm 1.41. Aperture qhov tseem ceeb yog ncaj qha ntsig txog txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov, yog li nyob rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lej, txhua tus lej tom ntej yog 1.4 npaug ntau dua li qhov dhau los.

DOF yog dab tsi

Ua ntej xaiv qhov aperture, koj yuav tsum paub seb DOF yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus kws yees duab. Cov ntawv luv no tau nkag siab tias qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw pom tau zoo heev. Hauv lwm lo lus, DOF yog qhov chaw hauv daim duab uas cov ntsiab lus yuav pom meej thiab ntse li sai tau.

qhov kev xaiv no yuav tso cai rau koj tsom mus rau yam khoom xav tau hauv daim duab. Kuj cuam tshuam koj ob lub qhov muag ntawm cov khoom thib ob.

Aperture priority mode

Hauv lub koob yees duab ntawv qhia zaub mov koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv zoo li A lossis Av. Lawv xaiv hom aperture no. Hauv nws, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa nws cov kev txwv koj tus kheej. Paub yuav ua li cas siv hom no yuav pab txuag lub sij hawm, vim hais tias koj tsis tas yuav mus los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov txhua lub sij hawm mus nrhiav tau lub hom phiaj shooting. Lub shutter ceev yuav raug kho nyob ntawm seb lub aperture xaiv.

Kuj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov koj tuaj yeem pom hom cim nrog tsab ntawv M. Qhov no yog hom ntawm phau ntawv, lossis phau ntawv teeb tsa ntawm qhov ntsuas. Hauv hom no, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov aperture thiab raug tsis pom koj tus kheej.

Aperture selection

Ua ntej koj pib thaij duab, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub qhov taub uas xav taudiaphragm. Ntawm no, ntau tus pib muaj lus nug - yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov tsim nyog qib ntawm aperture qhib? Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj cov cai tswj kom meej meej, tab sis muaj qee qhov kev tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo:

f/1.4. Feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsis tshua muaj. Tab sis nrog rau qhov kev teeb tsa aperture, qhov tob ntawm daim teb yuav tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav tsim kom pom tseeb lossis thaij duab cov khoom nruab nrab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv rau nws

f/1.2. Lub peev xwm yog kwv yees ib yam li nrog rau yav dhau los aperture. Txawm li cas los xij, lub lens nrog qhov aperture yog pheej yig dua

f/2.8. Kuj tseem siv tau rau kev thaij duab hauv cov teeb pom kev tsawg. Tab sis qhov no aperture feem ntau yog siv rau portraits. Tag nrho cov ntse ntawm daim duab yuav tsom rau ntawm lub ntsej muag

f/4. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus aperture teeb rau kev yees duab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib txwm teeb pom kev zoo

f/5.6. Feem ntau siv thaum muaj ntau tshaj ib yam khoom hauv daim duab. Yog hais tias muaj ob peb yam khoom nyob rau hauv daim duab, ces lub sharpness yuav tsom rau lawv, thiab cov keeb kwm yav dhau yuav nyob twj ywm qhov muag plooj. Tib yam yuav tshwm sim nrog ib yam khoom hauv daim duab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teeb pom kev tsis zoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv. Piv txwv li, flash

f/8. Siv los tua ntau tus neeg, vim nws muab qhov tob ntawm qhov tsim nyog

f/11. Qhov kev qhia tawm no txawvsiab sharpness. Qhov zoo no ua rau nws zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yees duab portrait

f/16. Nrog rau qib no ntawm kev qhib, cov duab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tob tob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev yees duab tua hauv lub hnub ci ci

f/22. Koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov aperture no yog tias koj tab tom tsim cov duab ntawm qhov chaw loj nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, vaj huam sib luag txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub nroog, cov neeg coob coob lossis toj roob hauv pes. Hauv cov duab zoo li no, yuav tsis hais meej meej txog qee cov ntsiab lus me me

Aperture setting modes

Portrait hom. Lub koob yees duab xaiv lub qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla uas yog ua tau raws li qhov muab. Qhov no ua rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws qhov tob ntawm thaj teb.

Txoj kev. Lub koob yees duab xaiv qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm aperture qhib. Yog li muab qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm daim teb. Qee lub koob yees duab tau teeb tsa qhov kev tsom mus rau qhov tsis paub.

Sporty. Lub koob yees duab teeb tsa lub shutter ceev tshaj plaws. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov no yog 1/250 ntawm ib thib ob lossis luv dua. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus f-stop kuj tseem siv.

Hmo ntuj. Kev nthuav tawm ntev yog nyiam. Qee lub koob yees duab siv lub teeb pom kev hauv ntej, piv txwv li flash.

Lub Tswv Yim rau Xaiv Aperture

Raws li kev xaiv aperture, tsis muaj txoj cai nyuaj thiab ceev thaum nws los txog rau kev teeb tsa aperture. Txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, theem teeb pom kev zoo, kev cia siab ntawm tus kheej thiab qhov xav tau rau kev pom kev pom. Duab. Tab sis muaj qee cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem pab tau:

1. Duab sharpness yog tiav siv nruab nrab apertures. Yog tias koj xaiv tus nqi loj, cov duab yuav ci dua thiab saturated.
2. Yog tias daim duab thaij thaum hmo ntuj, ces lub aperture yuav tsum tau clamped thiab lub shutter ceev nce.
3. Qhib aperture yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yees duab portrait. Yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej lossis tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm yam khoom, ces koj yuav tsum muab qhov nyiam rau qhov nruab nrab lossis kaw aperture. Yog tias koj xav tsom tsis tsuas yog rau lub ntsiab lus, tab sis kuj nyob ib puag ncig, siv lub aperture me me.
4. Thaum tua lub nroog, nws raug nquahu kom kaw lub aperture kom ntau li ntau tau.
5. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov tob tob ntawm thaj teb thaum tua xwm txheej, siv f/16. Yog tias daim duab tsis haum koj, ces sim f / 11 lossis f / 8.
6. Thaum ua ib pawg portrait, tsis txhob qhib lub aperture dav dhau. Muaj lub caij nyoog uas ib lub ntsej muag yuav ntse thiab qhov muag plooj.
7. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau txiav txim siab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab thiab keeb kwm yav dhau. Yog tias keeb kwm yav dhau los ze rau cov khoom uas tau yees duab, ces nws yuav poob rau hauv qhov chaw ntse, vim nws yuav tsis "blurred". Yog tias koj xav kom lub keeb kwm yav dhau tsis meej, sim ua qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov khoom thiab keeb kwm yav dhau.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim meej ntawm qhov aperture yog dab tsi. Qhov kev paub no yuav tsum pab koj tsim cov duab uas yuav ua tau raws li koj xav tau. Li noNrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej, tus kws yees duab nws tus kheej xaiv dab tsi los tsom rau hauv daim duab, thiab qhov twg nws zoo dua los saib deb ntawm tus neeg saib.