Kev pom hauv kev yees duab - nws yog dab tsi? Cov cai raug tso tawm hauv kev yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Ib lub koob yees duab SLR tam sim no muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua tsev neeg, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus yuav thab seb yuav siv nws li cas kom raug. Yog tias koj yog tus kws yees duab pib, ces kab lus no yog rau koj! Kev nthuav tawm hauv kev yees duab yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev yees duab. Koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txhaj tshuaj zoo yog tias koj tsis muaj qhov qhia txog nws. Nws yog thawj yam uas kws yees duab kawm. Lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum paub txog cov cai ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv kev yees duab. Cov tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim no tsuas yog thaum xub thawj siab ib muag zoo li incredibly complex.

Yog li, cia peb xav seb qhov twg yog qhov tshwm sim hauv kev yees duab. Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob yuam kev rau novice kws yees duab? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum kawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, vim tias yog tsis muaj nws koj yuav tsis nkag siab ib qho kev qhia thiab yuav tsis muaj peev xwm coj mus siv cov lus qhia los ntawm cov ntawv tshaj lij.

Cov ntsiab lus

Kev pom hauv kev yees duab yog cov npe ntawm cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb,txhua qhov uas tau hloov kho rau qhov xwm txheej uas qhov kev tua tshwm sim. Koj lub gadget, ua yeeb yam los ntawm lub lens, ntsuas tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas nkag los ntawm sab nraud, thiab xa cov lus txib mus rau qhov chaw. Lub teeb zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev yees duab zoo.

Expo parameters

Cia peb txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm qhov raug tsis pom.

• Aperture (f). Lub lens ntawm koj lub cuab yeej muaj cov nplooj nyias nyias (yas lossis hlau) uas qhib thiab kaw lub qhov ntawm lub lens. Lub aperture txwv tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas dhau los ntawm lub lens. Tus nqi no yog cim nrog tsab ntawv f, thiab tus lej ntawm nws yuav qhia tus nqi me me lossis loj. Muaj xws li ib yam li tus naj npawb aperture. Nws yog denoted los ntawm F / x. Hauv seem no, x yog qhov ntev ntawm lub lens.
• Qhia. Qhov no parameter yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv vib nas this thiab feem ntawm ib tug thib ob. Qhia txog lub sij hawm raug ntawm lub teeb beam rau cov khoom rhiab heev ntawm lub koob yees duab.
• Lub teeb rhiab heev (ISO) yog hais txog yuav ua li cas ib zaj duab xis lossis sensor reacts rau lub teeb. Qhov siab dua tus lej ISO, qhov sib dua ntawm daim duab yuav yog.

White balance

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum tua yog dawb tshuav. BB yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim rendering ntawm koj thav duab. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem nyuaj uas tuaj yeem tso tseg tsis tau kov thaum lub sijhawm tua. Nws txaus los kho koj lub gadget.

Nws tshwm sim tias tus kws yees duab tsis txaus siab rau cov xim luam tawm hauv cov thav ntawv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj yuav tsum tau kho qhov dawb tshuav koj tus kheej. Ua li no, siv daim npav tshwj xeeb grey. Yog tsis yog, cia li muab ib daim duab ntawm daim ntawv dawb. Koj lub gadget yuav coj nws ua tus qauv. Muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv, hauv qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv: huab, teeb, hnub ci thiab lwm yam.

Koj kuj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus "expopara" thiab "exposure triangle" los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Expopara yog tandem: aperture thiab shutter ceev. Daim duab peb sab exposure yog tag nrho peb qhov teeb tsa tau tham saum toj no. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev thaum tua hauv phau ntawv hom, txij li ntawm no koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa txhua qhov sib cais. Koj yuav tsum paub: hloov txhua qhov kev ntsuas yuav tshwm sim hauv daim duab.

Cia peb ua si nrog aperture: bokeh effect

lub npe funny no txhais li cas? Qhov no yog thaum ib tug neeg tau piav qhia hauv daim duab, thiab nyob ib puag ncig nws koj pom qhov muag plooj tom qab, cov qauv ntawm cov voj voog xim, cov dots, snowflakes, ntau xim kab txaij. Lub keeb kwm yav dhau zoo zoo heev, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam qhov muag ntawm nws. Cov nyhuv bokeh tuaj yeem tig cov duab tho txawv tshaj plaws rau hauv ib qho txuj ci! Cia peb nqis los xyaum.

Kev teeb tsa rau koj qhov kho qhov muag

Dab tsi, hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov cuam tshuam bokeh nyob ntawm? Yog tias koj xav tau tshwj xeeb kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov ntxaij lim dej tshwj xeeb uas tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm lub lens. Txhawm rau ua kom cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tsuas yog qhov muag plooj, koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw gadget.

Yog li, bokeh nyob ntawm:

• ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw;
• degrees ntawm sharpness ntawm kev kawm.

Qhov kev pom qhov muag plooj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Aperture. Nws ua si ntawm nolub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov ntau cov paj qhib, qhov ntau qhov muag plooj tom qab yuav dhau los. Tswv yim! Ceev faj thaum teeb tsa qhov dav tshaj plaws aperture. Yog tias ib tus neeg hauv daim duab zoo li no yuav tig tawm zoo, ces ib pawg neeg lossis lub tsev feem ntau yuav ua rau pom qhov muag plooj. Siv cov nyhuv bokeh kom zoo, nws tsis cuam tshuam txhua qhov chaw.
• Focal length. Qhov loj dua, qhov pom tau tias cov nyhuv yuav ntau dua. Yog tias koj lub optics muaj lub lens zoom, ces tsuas yog tig nws lub voj voog.
• Nyob rau qhov kev kawm. Qhov ze koj nyob rau tus neeg, qhov ntau dua nws yuav muaj qhov pom qhov muag plooj zoo. Tsis txhob overdo nws, vim hais tias cov cuab yeej tseem yuav tsum tau kho qhov tsom. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias muaj kev ncua deb ntawm ib meter ntawm tus neeg thiab keeb kwm yav dhau. Tom qab ntawd lub keeb kwm yav dhau yuav dhau los ua ib qho txuj ci.

Cov neeg uas yees duab yog lawv lub khob cij, tau lub lens ceev rau kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv kim heev, tab sis nrog cov lo ntsiab muag zoo li no, cov nyhuv bokeh yog qhov zoo heev.

Macro lo ntsiab muag thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev lo ntsiab muag kuj tsim nyog rau qhov muag plooj. Cov qub yog xav tau rau kev tua cov khoom me me.

Bokeh cov nyhuv thiab cov khoom seem

Txhawm rau tsim kom pom qhov muag plooj, nws tsis tas yuav yuav ntau cov ntxaij lim dej kim thiab tsim txom lub koob yees duab nrog kev teeb tsa nyuaj. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau pab los ntawm txoj kev improvised. Nws tuaj yeem yog:

• plastic film;
• lub teeb ntaub (chiffon, organza);
• shawls nrog tus qauv nthuav.

Cov khoom no tuaj yeem siv ua keeb kwm yav dhau los. Tsis txhob hnov qab: nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas nruab nrabkeeb kwm yav dhau thiab cov khoom nyob deb li deb ntawm meters.

Muaj lwm txoj kev siv lub hnab yas. Cua nws ncig lub lens kom muaj qhov sib txawv me me uas cov ntsiab lus yuav haum. Koj tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg pob nrog daim kab xev me me.

Txiav ib daim plexiglass, cardboard, orgalpt rau hauv lub voj voog lossis lwm yam uas xav tau. Xws li cov lim hauv tsev yuav tso cai rau koj los thaij duab tshwj xeeb, tsuas yog kho nws kom zoo ntawm lub lens. Cov ntaub los yog phuam qhwv caj dab kuj tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub lens kom muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb.

Kev teeb tsa raug

Kev pom hauv kev yees duab tseem ceeb heev. Yog li cia peb tham txog kev teeb tsa. Txhua lub koob yees duab muaj nws tus kheej subtleties hauv lub tsev raug. Hauv cov lus qhia koj yuav pom yuav ua li cas thiaj siv tau "cov yawm sij kub" ntawm rooj plaub. Piv txwv li, hauv Nikon SLR koob yees duab, koj tuaj yeem kho ISO siv lub khawm Fn. Lub log nyob ib sab ntawm lub vijtsam yuav tso cai rau koj los kho qhov nrawm nrawm. Txhawm rau kho qhov aperture, koj yuav tsum nias lub pob me me ntawm ib sab ntawm lub khawm kaw.

Semi-auto hom ntawm SLR koob yees duab

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov duab nrog qhov sib txawv, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semi-automatic. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov pib tshiab. Los ntawm kev hloov tsuas yog ib qho ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, koj yuav tau txais kev pom tseeb hauv kev yees duab digital.

Ntawm lub koob yees duab Canon tus kws tshaj lij SLR, lub cim ntawm lub tv log qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus; av - aperture priority.

Creative ModesNicon:

• M - manual mode.
• P - hom semi-automatic.

Qhia! Cov pib tshiab yuav tsum siv hom semi-automatic, tsom rau aperture lossis shutter qhov tseem ceeb. Kev ceev hom yuav nyuaj thaum xub thawj. Tsis txhob ua kom koj lub neej yooj yim thiab siv tsis siv neeg thiab teeb tsa. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, qhov no yooj yim, tab sis dhau sij hawm koj tsuas yog tub nkeeg dhau los nkag siab txog cov teeb tsa thiab koj yuav poob lub sijhawm los koom nrog kev yees duab muaj tswv yim.

Cov lus qhia tshaj lij hauv qhov teeb meem no tseem ceeb heev, tab sis koj yuav tau txais cov duab zoo tom qab tau txais kev xyaum. Tua kom ntau li ntau tau, sau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav, nrog rau cov ntsuas uas yuav tsum tau zam.

Qhia! Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej cov lus qhia rau gadget. Qhov kev paub no yuav ua rau koj ua tau zoo heev.

Exposure bar

Exposure scale - ib qho parameter uas yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas kom raug koj tau teeb tsa cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim duab peb sab. Nrhiav qhov taw qhia theem raug ntawm koj lub koob yees duab siv cov lus qhia. Saib nws. Puas yog cov nqi skewed mus rau txoj cai? Diam duab yuav ci dhau lawm. Thaum deviating rau sab laug - overexposed. Kev pom zoo hauv daim duab yog thaum lub cim ntawm xoom.

Qhov ntsuas raug kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho manually. Yog tias qhov kev them nyiaj raug teeb tsa rau xoom, thiab daim duab tsis ci lossis tsaus txaus, ces ua si nrog qhov taw qhia slider.

Kev ntsuas duab (hom)

Muaj peb hom kev kis tau nyob hauvDuab. Cov no yog matrix, dot thiab qhov hnyav nruab nrab. Xav txog lawv txhua tus:

• Matrix tseem hu ua multi-valued, evaluative or multi-valued. Hauv hom no, lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej ntsuas qhov raug hauv daim duab. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, koj xav tau teeb pom kev zoo ib yam. Nov yog hom tsis muaj teeb meem ntau tshaj plaws.
• Center-weighted. Hom yuav siv qhov ntsuas hauv qhov chaw. Cov npoo ntawm daim duab yog sab laug. Hom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm portraits.
• Point. Hom nyuaj tshaj plaws. Ib tug pib ua tsis tau nws. Zoo ib yam li yav dhau los, tab sis tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov duab ntsuas. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, koj xav tau cov ntsiab lus kom teeb pom kev zoo thiab sib piv.

Metering method

Hom kev ntsuas tau teev saum toj no, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tshwm sim tsis yog nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub teeb pom kev, nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kawm. Piv txwv li, cia peb noj ob lub phaj zaub. Ib tug ntawm lawv yuav yog txiv kab ntxwv, lwm yam xiav. Lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav yog tib yam, thiab lub teeb ntog sib npaug ntawm cov tais diav. Nrog kev pab ntawm qhov chaw metering, peb pom qhov raug tus nqi ntawm txhua yam khoom. Interestingly, lub phaj xiav muaj qhov ci qis dua, thiab cov xim daj muaj qhov siab dua. Tab sis yog tias koj xam nws, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua li ntawd, vim hais tias cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov khoom yog tib yam.

Lub teeb cuam tshuam li cas metering

Yog vim li cas rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov raug nyob rau hauv tib lub teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem kawm txuas ntxiv thiab hloov cov tais diav rau xim dawb thiab dub. Lub illumination yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov. Lawm, qhov raug rau lub phaj dub yog xav tau ntau dua rau cov tais diav dawb. Xaus: metering tsis suav nrog lub teeb pom kev ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tab sis nws cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam.

Kev pom hauv lub koob yees duab smartphone

Kev nkag siab txog kev pom hauv kev yees duab txhais tau tias tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj zoo ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej! Niaj hnub nimno smartphones tau nruab nrog lub koob yees duab zoo heev, thiab cov duab feem ntau tig tawm tsis zoo dua nrog lub koob yees duab kev tshaj lij. Thiab qhov kev txav mus los ntawm cov cuab yeej yog qhov loj ntxiv, vim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nqa lub iav voluminous gadget nrog koj ib txwm.

Hmoov tsis zoo, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam hauv lub koob yees duab built-in. Lub built-in muaj nuj nqi nws tus kheej yuav siv sij hawm ntsuas thiab faib cov ndlwg ntawm lub teeb.

Gaunt L. "Exposition in photography"

Phau ntawv no hais txog qhov teeb meem tshwm sim raws li tus txheej txheem muaj tswv yim. Tus kws sau ntawv zoo siab qhia tias cov txheej txheem no nyob ze rau kev kos duab li cas, vim tias qhov no yog deb ntawm qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas!

Nyob hauv phau ntawv "Exposure in Photography" los ntawm Gonta, nws tau hais tias nrog qhov tsis raug, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog pom cov tonality hauv daim duab. Cov xim dawb thiab dub yuav tsum yog dawb huv, thiab nruab nrab ntxoov yuav tsum tsis txhob distorted.

Phau ntawv yuav qhia dab tsi? Tus kws sau ntawv yuav qhia rau koj tias qhov raug raug hauv kev yees duab yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub suab yuav muab rau daim duab. Phau ntawv no yuav pab koj nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv kev yees duab. Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob yuam kev hauv qhov teeb meem no, qhia cov neeg nto mootus sau phau ntawv.

Paub lub peev xwm ntawm koj lub koob yees duab. Thaum ib tug neeg tuaj nqa lub koob yees duab SLR thawj zaug thiab pib nkag siab txog cov teeb tsa, theem nyuaj tshaj plaws yog kawm txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv kev yees duab. Tau daws qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav dhau los ua ib kauj ruam ze dua rau kev kos duab ntawm kev yees duab.

Nyob hauv kab lus no, koj tau kawm paub cov ntaub ntawv twg tuaj yeem pom hauv lub koob yees duab lub qhov pom thiab yuav siv nws li cas kom tau txais cov duab nrog qhov raug raug. Tau yuav cov cuab yeej ntse, uas yog lub koob yees duab SLR, koj yuav tsum kawm cov lus qhia zoo li mantra. Yog tias koj tsis paub dab tsi feem ntau ntawm cov nyees khawm ntawm lub gadget yog rau, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev mus rau hauv cov chaw, koj tsuas yog tsis meej pem. Yog li kawm thiab koj tsev neeg albums yuav muaj cov duab zoo heev.