Yuri Dombrovsky: biography, cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Txoj hmoo ntawm ntau tus neeg tsim nyog ntawm lawv lub sijhawm yuav poob rau hauv qhov tsis meej. Qhov no tu siab heev, vim lawv tuaj yeem qhia cov tiam neeg niaj hnub no kom ua neej nyob tiag tiag. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Yuri Dombrovsky yog undeservedly tsis nco qab lawm thiab erased los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv phau ntawv.

first meeting

Koj puas paub tus neeg zoo li Yuri Dombrovsky? Tus kws sau phau ntawv no nrov heev, tab sis nws tus kheej hais lus tsis zoo txog nws txoj haujlwm. Leej twg yog tus neeg txawv?

Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv hais lus thiab sau ntawv thuam - uas yog Yuri Osipovich Dombrovsky yog leej twg. Biography, daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv - tag nrho cov no yog impressive los ntawm thawj lub sij hawm. Zoo, cia peb paub nrog cov npe ntawm nws cov creation:

• Derzhavin.
• "Qhia txog yam tsis tsim nyog."
• "Tus Poj Niam Tsaus Ntuj".
• "Tus liab los rau nws pob txha taub hau."
• "Keeper of Antiquities".
• "Yug Nas".
• "Teeb".

Biography: pib

Yuri Dombrovsky yug hauv Moscow, lub Tsib Hlis 1909, hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse. Niam yog biologist, thiab txiv yog kws lij choj. Thaum mus txog ib lub hnub nyoog, cov tub ntxhais hluas Yuri nkag mustailing gymnasium, uas yog nyob rau hauv Krivoarbatsky txoj kab. Tau kawm tiav los ntawm nws txaus, nws pib mus rau Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab thiab kawm tiav los ntawm lawv xyoo 1932.

Ntxhais thiab xa tawm

1933 yog ib xyoo tu siab heev. Yuri Dombrovsky raug ntes thiab raug ntiab tawm ntawm Moscow. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog ib tug incomprehensible chij pom nyob rau hauv Yuri lub dorm chav. Lawm, qhov no tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv xwb, thiab peb tsis zoo li yuav paub qhov tseeb yog vim li cas rau kev ntiab tawm. Cov neeg uas paub txog Yuri qhia tias nws raug xa mus rau Alma-Ata vim nws cov lus hnyav tawm tsam tsoomfwv. Qee qhov tsis lees paub Dombrowski qhov kev txaus siab rau kev nom kev tswv.

Lub neej mus li

Txawm hais tias lub neej muaj xwm txheej, Yuri Dombrovsky sim ntau txoj haujlwm hauv nroog tshiab. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug archaeologist, journalist, kos duab critic, xib fwb. Yuri tau sib yuav rau tus kws kho mob zoo nkauj, tab sis nkawm niam txiv tsis muaj menyuam.

Txawm li cas los xij, xob quaj dua, thiab twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1937, ib tug txiv neej siab tawv tau raug tshawb xyuas. Ob peb lub hlis, nws raug txiav tawm ntawm lub neej ntawm lub neej. Yuri ces tso lawm xwb. Qhov xwm txheej no yuav tshwm sim sai sai ntawm nws ob phau ntawv.

Kev sau ntawv thiab kev ntes tom ntej

Tus sau pib tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" thiab cov ntawv xov xwm "Literary Kazakhstan" nyob rau hauv nws lub npe tiag tiag - Yuri Dombrovsky. Phau ntawv tseem tsis tau muab tag nrho nws, tab sis nws twb luam tawm thawj feem ntawm nws tshiab Derzhavin thiab yog tom qab tuav. Xyoo 1939 nwsraug ntes dua, thiab nws tab tom ua nws cov lus hauv Kolyma camps.

Liberation, anti-fascist phau ntawv thiab ntes

Nws yog 1943. Yuri Dombrovsky ua dab tsi tam sim no? Nws biography tab tom ua ib puag ncig tshiab. Tus kws sau ntawv raug tso tawm hauv tsev lojcuj, thiab Yuri rov qab mus rau Alma-Ata los koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhuab qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm W. Shakespeare. Tib lub sij hawm poob rau kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xws li "Tus Monkey Comes for His Skull" thiab "Tus Poj Niam Swarthy". Thawj phau ntawv muaj kev xav tawm tsam fascist.

1949 tau cim los ntawm kev ntes plaub, yog vim li cas cov lus tim khawv ntawm Irina Strelkova, tus neeg sau xov xwm rau Komsomolskaya Pravda. Yuri raug xa mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj nyob rau sab qaum teb - Ozerlag.

Thaum kawg, tom qab xyoo nyuaj siv nyob rau sab qaum teb, tus kws sau ntawv tau tso tawm xyoo 1955. Lub sijhawm no, nws ua siab ntev, sib npaug thiab los txog qhov kev paub tias kev tswj hwm tsis tuaj yeem tawg. Nws sim sau qhov tseeb, qhia rau tib neeg, tab sis tsis tu ncua tes hlau ntawm lub hwj chim pom nws, ua rau nws poob ntsej muag thiab rhuav tshem nws. Tom qab raug ntes thiab raug ntiab tawm mus, Yuri ib txwm yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntawm sab ntsuj plig, rov tshawb pom lub siab xav tsim hauv nws tus kheej. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ignite dab tsi yog smoldering, tab sis nws ua tau zoo txhua txhua lub sij hawm. Yeej nyuaj nrhiav tau tus neeg muaj lub siab xav nyob thiab muaj lub siab xav tsim.

Txhua qhov pom lub qhov muag ntawm lub hwj chim pom qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Lub neej tawg nws, tiam sis tsis tawg nws. Yuri raug tso cai nyob hauv nws lub nroog - Moscow. Nws nyob ntawm notxuas ntxiv nws cov kev sau ntawv, tab sis ntau calmly thiab xav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis hloov nws txoj kev xav, nws tsuas yog kawm zais lawv.

Zoo qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej

Thaum Yuri sau cov ntawv tshiab "Tus Monkey Comes for His Skull", cov ntawv sau tau tso cai luam tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab raug ntes ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tag nrho nws cov ntawv sau tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub cev tso cai. Thaum tus sau tau raug tso tawm thaum kawg mus rau Moscow, uas yog, tom qab ntau xyoo, ib tug neeg tsis paub txog tuaj rau nws. Lub npe ntawm tus txiv neej no tseem tsis paub. Nws coj Yuri cov ntawv sau tseg, txawm hais tias nws raug txib kom hlawv nws.

Yuri nyuaj heev rau ib zaj dab neeg tsis zoo los ntawm A. Solzhenitsyn. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv, nws sau hais tias tus sau tsa lub siab phem tub qhe ntawm tsoom fwv thiab thuam tus neeg ncaj ncees thiab tsim nyog. Yuri coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tus neeg uas sau cov dab neeg no yog nws tus kheej tsuas yog "rau" ntawm cov neeg muaj zog tshaj hauv lub yeej rog.

Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, ntxiv rau cov lus qhia, tus sau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb kuj tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua phem rau tib neeg. Nws raug ntaus ntau zaus ib yam li ntawd, thiab nws yuav yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kom mus nrog cov lus qhia rau tub ceev xwm. Cov xwm txheej no tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thiab maj mam hnov qab txog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv tau tsom mus tas li los ntawm cov neeg tsim txom KGB. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb me ntsis, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg txheeb ze paub tias tus neeg uas tsuas yog xav tsim tau taug kev ncig txhua hnub ntawm nws lub neej, zoo li ntawm rab phom.

me ntsis txog cov phau ntawv nto moo

"Keeper of Antiquities"

Yuri Dombrovsky, uas nws cov phau ntawv tau luam tawm tsuas yog hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseegkom muaj nuj nqis, tsis poob nws lub siab nyiam thiab tseem sau. Xyoo 1964, nws tau luam tawm cov ntawv tshiab The Keeper of Antiquities, uas, siv lub npe tsis tseeb, nws piav txog nws qhov kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv ntawm kev ntiab tawm ntawm Moscow.

"Qhia txog yam tsis tsim nyog"

Phau ntawv no tau pib nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo 1964. Nws tau los ua tus pinnacle ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm. Tom qab ua tiav phau ntawv xyoo 1975, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws, yog li peb xyoos tom qab ntawd nws thiaj li luam tawm hauv Fabkis ua lus Lavxias.

Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj hauj lwm yog dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov ntseeg muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no inhumane. Cov cim tseem ceeb yog "cogs" ntawm Stalinist system, uas ua haujlwm zoo rau tsoomfwv.

Kev tuag

Tom qab tso nws phau cult, tus sau raug ntaus hnyav, lub neej dai rau hauv qhov sib npaug. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tuag hauv tsev kho mob los ntawm kev mob hnyav hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1978. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim tus kheej ntawm ntau tus neeg tawm tsam. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau nrawm nrawm, thiab tsis muaj leej twg pom cov npe ntawm cov neeg tua neeg tiag tiag ntawm tus txiv neej loj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim ze ntawm Tsev Neeg Sau Ntawv, uas Yury tab tom mus.

Cov txheeb ze faus tus kws sau ntawv ntawm lub toj ntxas Kuzminsky hauv Moscow. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, nws tej hauj lwm pom lub ntiaj teb no. Peb phau ntawv tau luam tawm los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg.