DIY hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub: chav kawm tswv

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:15

Hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm thaum ub. Thaum pib, cov neeg ua haujlwm Lavxias thaum ub tau tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, saw xa ntawv, riam phom, thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob lawv hloov mus rau txoj kev kos duab. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom nyias, txawm tias xaim, nrog rau txo nqi rau cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws. Lub sijhawm xaim xaim xaim xaim tau dhau mus, tab sis cov kws ua haujlwm tseem xav tsis thoob nrog cov khoom siv hlau: cov plaub hau ornaments, tsej, bracelets, rings, pendants, souvenirs, keyrings, khoom loj.

Information for beginners

Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hlau tau pom nyob hauv ntau haiv neeg txij thaum ub los, cov npe ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Hlau qhwv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, raws li ib yam tshiab ntawm needlework, mus rau hauv keeb kwm nrog lub npe ntawm Alexander Calder. Nws muaj lub siab nyiam rau kev xaws xov hlau thiab khoom plig txij li thaum yau, thaum nws ua qhwv ntsej thiab qhwv ntsej rau nws tus muam, thiab rau nws niam nws txiv.muab tsiaj txhu rau Christmas.

Kev mob siab rau tag nrho nws cov haujlwm rau kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, khoom ua si, duab puab. Nws tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau nws siv txoj kev overcasting. Txoj kev no tso cai rau cov pib tshiab los tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Ntau hom hlau siv rau kev ua haujlwm (tooj dag, nyiaj, tooj liab, npib tsib xee, titanium, aluminium, zinc).

Thick wire yog siv rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom, raws li nws khaws nws cov duab, thiab nyias hlau yog braided nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov pob zeb sib txawv, cov hlaws dai, hlaws dai, iav hlaws tuaj yeem ntxiv rau kev xaws. Thaum cov hlau yog qhwv nrog ib tug xov, ces qhov no twb yog ib hom ntawm needlework, uas yog hu ua ganutel.

Koj xav tau dabtsi rau haujlwm?

Ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab tshiab ua cov khoom siv hlau siv cov tswv yim sib xyaw, siv cov kev paub los ntawm cov chaw xws li xov hlau qhwv, ganutel, hlaws, quilling, isothread. Ua ntej, kos duab kos duab, tom qab ntawd nws yog disassembled rau hauv tus kheej cov ntsiab lus, cov qauv, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd mus rau kev tsim khoom. Yuav ua li cas ib tug novice wireworker xav tau (raws li lawv hu ua ib tug tswv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hlau qhwv txheej txheem):

• tool,
• txhua yam xaim,
• hniav nyiaj hniav kub, hlaws, pob zeb.

Kev xaws cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm cov xaim yog ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj qhov ntswg pliers, pliers nrog taw tes, nkhaus, duab plaub, nylon "ntsiab", nippers, koob ntaub ntawv (tuaj yeem hloov nrog ntawv xuab zeb thawj zaug), anvil (flahuizen), shperak, rauj, wiggic, kos duab board, crossbar.

Yog koj ua haujlwm nrog tooj liabhlau, ces nws tuaj yeem khoov nrog koj cov ntiv tes, pab nrog pliers lossis lwm yam khoom tawv. Txhawm rau ua tus qauv los ntawm cov khoom tuab lossis cov qauv sib txawv, xav tau ib qho wiggic thiab crossbar. Thawj cov cuab yeej zoo li lub rooj tsavxwm nrog ntau lub qhov thiab pegs. Teem lub pegs nyob rau hauv txoj cai txiav txim thiab qhwv lawv nrog hlau, tsim ib tug txawv txawv qauv. Ib tug ntoo khaub lig (ib lub khob hlau nrog ib lub thickness ntawm 9-40 mm) yuav tsum tau tsim cov kauj-toog npab, rings, chains. Thaum xub thawj, cov khoom sib txuas tuaj yeem ua nrog lub qhov ntswg puag ncig.

Ua kom DIY hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo li lub khw yuav, tau txais sulfuric siab. Cov khoom siv tooj liab, tooj liab, nyiaj, tooj dag hlau yog patinated nrog cov khoom siv no los muab qhov kov ntawm qub txeeg qub teg.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: tus pin thiab kauv

Tus pin yog ib txoj hlua nrog lub taub, me ntsis zoo ib yam li rab koob rau stabbing. Yuav kom ua tau, pinch cov hlau nrog puag ncig-lub qhov ntswg pliers, nqis rov qab ib feem peb ntawm ntug (sab laug npaum li cas, txoj kab uas hla no yuav nyob ntawm lub nplhaib). Tig lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees. Thiab lawv pib qhwv ib nrab ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub qhov ntswg pliers, tsim ib lub nplhaib. Tom qab ntawd, nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus, lub ntug ntawm cov hlau yog raug tom, lub nplhaib yog leveled nrog round-nose pliers.

Cov kauv yog lub voj voog yooj yim nrog lub nplhaib. Cov qauv no yog qhov zoo rau kev ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tawm ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlaws dai. Pinch lub ntsis ntawm cov hlau nrog puag ncig-lub qhov ntswg pliers, ua ib lub voj voog nruj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntsis. Tom ntej no, lub nplhaib tshwm sim yog pinched ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov kauv yog ua tib zoo raug mob. nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm lemqauv kab. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov xaim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim muab kauv yog pinched nrog puag ncig-lub qhov ntswg pliers, thiab lub nplhaib yog tsim nrog dawb kawg ntawm cov hlau, zoo li hauv kev tsim ib tus pin. Cov khoom siv ntau dhau raug tom nrog cov hlau txiav.

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb: caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nplhaib, pob

Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog siv los khi cov hlau. Cua cov hlau ntawm qhov xav tau ntev nruj nreem rau ntawm crossbar. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim qee cov ntsiab lus sib cais, lossis muab tso rau ntawm tus pin, tsim kom muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, lossis los ntawm cov pins braided los ua cov saw txawv txawv rau cov txiv neej.

Nplhaib yog siv los ua cov khoom sib txuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xaws cov hlaws thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov hlau yog qhov txhab ntawm qhov crossbar (txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub rings nyob ntawm nws thickness) nrog ib tug nruj twist, zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tom qab ntawd nws raug tshem tawm thiab txiav hauv nruab nrab nrog cov hlau cutters. Yog tias qhov chaw tig tawm loj, ces kaw lub nplhaib nrog pliers lossis ntiv tes.

Cov pob ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov cua sov ntawm lub qhov cub (qee cov neeg ua haujlwm siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo). Txhawm rau kom tau txais lawv, koj xav tau lub zog hluav taws xob siab thiab "tsis huv" xaim, nrog rau kev xyaum, uas tsim cov tee dej zoo kawg nkaus. Koj tuaj yeem blacken cov hlau nrog sulfuric siab thiab ammonia. Cov khoom yog flattened nrog rauj, tsim cov ntsiab lus tshiab.

Hlau Cov Nyiaj Kub: Ib Tug Pib Ua Haujlwm

Yog koj tsis tau sim xaws ib txoj hlua, ces koj yuav tsum sim koj txhais tes ntawm cov piv txwv yooj yim. Txhawm rau ua ib txoj hlua tes, koj yuav xav tau cov hlau tuab thiab nyias,pliers, hlau cutters thiab ib lub teeb (yog tias koj ua hauj lwm nrog tag nrho cov coil ntawm hlau).

Los ntawm cov hlau tuab ua cov nplhaib ntawm txoj kab uas xav tau. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nrhiav lub cylindrical template ntawm qhov xav tau txoj kab uas hla (pipe). Qhwv cov skeins nrog tuab hlau, txuas rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw nrog staples ib ntus (khoov cov hlau mus rau qhov dav ntawm lub nplhaib nplhaib, txiav tawm, muab tso rau ntawm lawv thiab khi qhov kawg).

Yog tias tsis muaj cov hlau tuab, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom lag luam pheej yig bracelet rings, txuas rau ntau qhov chaw kom muaj zog thiab pib braiding. Txoj kev braiding yuav tsum sib tw txhua lub nplhaib los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab nrog nyias tooj liab hlau.

Kev hlais yuav tsum mus ib ntus, yog tias cov hlau tau txav mus, ces txav nws nrog lub qhov ntswg pliers. Yog hais tias koj ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug ntev hlau, ces nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm weaving nws ua nruj nreem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog rhuab nrog ib tug burner (zoo li lub tshuab ziab plaub hau nrog nplaim taws), weaving txuas ntxiv. Txij li thaum tooj liab tig dub tom qab cua sov, ces cov khoom tiav yog kho nrog citric acid (dej yog rhuab, hmoov yog ntxiv, cov khoom yog boiled rau ob peb feeb, ces yaug nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov).

Koj tuaj yeem qhwv tag nrho cov kauj-toog npab nrog hlau lossis txuas lwm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej (xaim qhwv tso cai rau kev sib txuas nrog pob zeb, hlaws dai, cov xov hlau flattened).

Ua tsej rau cov hlua tes tooj liab. Rau lawv cov chaw tsim khoom, koj yuav xav tau hlau, npaj txhij-ua clasps rau tsej, txuas rings, hniav ntsiab (pob zeb, hlaws dai). Thov nco ntsoov tias cov xim ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov clasps thiab hlau. Yog ibtooj liab hlau, ces kub-plated clasps nrog amber pob zeb. Yog hais tias cov fasteners yog nyiaj, ces coj lub teeb xim xaim.

Yog li, los ntawm cov hlau tuab koj yuav tsum ua lub nplhaib loj thiab me me. Ua qhov khoob rau lub ntsej muag thib ob hauv daim iav daim iav tam sim ntawd, siv cov khoom rau ib leeg. Tam sim no, nrog ib tug nyias hlau, ywj ywj braid lub puab thiab sab rings. Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug ntau voluminous saib, ces braid txhua lub nplhaib nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (los yog muab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau ntawm lub nplhaib), thiab ces braid cov khoom nrog ib tug nyias hlau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (qhov no, lub braid yuav heev txawm.).

Tom ntej txuas lub nplhaib rau sab nraud. Muab cov hlaws thiab pob zeb rau ntawm cov hlau thiab khi nws mus rau lub nplhaib puab siv lub nplhaib txuas. Koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej connectors. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom qub qub, tooj liab yog blackened thiab varnished. Tau txais raws li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Yuav ua li cas khi pob zeb rau lub pendant

Nws zoo thaum muaj ib tug hlaws dai nrog lub qhov uas koj tuaj yeem khi ib txoj hlua, tab sis yog tias qhov kho kom zoo nkauj yog ua los ntawm pob zeb lossis nyiaj npib, ua li cas? Rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, siv txoj kev braiding tshwj xeeb. Koj yuav xav tau ib lub qhov ntswg pliers, nyias lub qhov ntswg pliers, sab cutters tsis muaj chamfer, hlau (thickness 0.3 thiab 0.8 hli), pob zeb (cabochon).

Kev weaving ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub pib nrog kev tsim cov thav duab. Qhwv lub cabochon nrog tuab hlau. Nrog nyias-nosed pliers, nqa cov hlau tails kom lub kaum sab xis yog 90 degrees. Tawm plaub centimeters thiab txiav tawm cov khoom ntau dhau. Los ntawm cov kab no koj sau ntau heevtxuas rings nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4 mm.

Txiav tawm 1.3 meters ntawm nyias hlau, tawm ntawm 50 cm, pib winding txuas rings rau tus ncej. Ua ntej, qhwv lub nplhaib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thav duab nrog 4 lem, ces cua lub nplhaib mus rau tus ncej nrog tsib lem. Tom ntej no, tsis txhob tawg cov hlau, mus rau lub nplhaib thiab cua cov khoom nyob ib sab nrog peb lem, smoothly tawm mus rau tus ncej.

Yog li koj muab tag nrho cov nplhaib. Periodically thov lub thav duab rau lub pob zeb, yog hais tias nws yog convex, thiab tsim txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub rings. Tej zaum, thaum nqa, nws yuav tsim nyog los ua kom cov rings ntau dua. Txuas lub nplhaib kawg rau thawj tsib zaug, thiab txiav cov hlau los ntawm sab tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Twist qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau tuab nyob rau hauv ib lub kauv (koj tuaj yeem ua cov curls sib txawv), khoov ob sab ntawm cov qauv tsim, tsim ib lub rhombus, qhwv nws nrog ib txoj hlua nyias uas tau tso tseg thaum pib.

Nkauj sab ntawm lub pendant

Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm cov hlau kho kom zoo nkauj yog npaj txhij, tam sim no ua rau sab tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Ua li no, ua tib lub voj voog los ntawm cov hlau tuab, tab sis me dua. Khoov qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau rau hauv ib lub nplhaib nruj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub tseeb tias ob qho tib si curls haum snugly rau ib leeg. Qhov qis ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem flattened nrog rauj. Cia li khob lawv maj mam, maj mam - lawv tsoo ib qho chaw, saib seb nws puas, ces txav mus. Txwv tsis pub, cov ntawv sau yuav tsim.

Tam sim no txuas lub thav duab sab nrauv, pob zeb thiab sab tsis ncaj ncees rau hauv ib qho tag nrho. Ruaj ntau qhov chaw nrog cov xaim ib ntus kom cov khoom zaum nruj thiab tsis txav mus. Nyias hlau tam sim no yuav tsum tau qhwv lub sab nrauv thiab sab hauvskeleton qhov twg muaj voids (nruab nrab ntawm cov rings txuas rau sab nrauv).

Cov kauj ruam kawg yog los ua ib lub voj pendant los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw braided nrog curls. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv rab koob steel knitting, ua tib zoo, maj mam khoov kom cov curls pom ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom. Tam sim no xaws txoj hlua los yog ribbon. Raws li koj tau pom, tooj liab hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo ib yam li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Thov nco ntsoov tias lub pob zeb ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog tuav los ntawm cov qauv sab nraud (txuas cov nplhaib, curls), uas yog tsau rau ib leeg nrog coils. Yog tias cov hlau tsis xoob, cabochon yuav ya tawm.

Hlau plaub hau ornaments

Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim ua cov plaub hau tsis pom, hairpins, combs los ntawm hlau. Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog hlua ib lub hlaws ntawm ib lub xaim, ua lub paj zoo nkauj nrog lub curl thiab muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus. Ib qho qauv nthuav ntau yuav los ntawm ib lub xov hlau flattened. Tom qab ntawd tawm qhov kawg rau cov hlaws, thiab maj mam flatten tus so ntawm cov hlau, thaum shaping nws. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, qhwv cov xaim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlaws, tom qab ntawd txav mus rau cov kab paj, xaus nrog cov kauv curl. Muab cov hlaws dai, ua kom haum ntawm cov hlau rau ib leeg, solder rau hauv paus.

Cia peb saib seb yuav ua li cas cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm cov hlau, hlaws, hlaws dai. Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv, kos ib daim duab ntawm cov hairpin, pib ntawm lub curl thiab txav mus rau lub voj voog sab nraud, qhov kawg ntawm qhov mus rau hauv lwm lub kauv, uas yog siab dua thawj zaug. Nws hloov tawm ib lub voj voog nrog ob lub kav hlau txais xov sab hauv. Cov khoom no yog ua tsis tu ncua. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm ob curls nrog ib tug nyias hlau, braid lawv nrog ob peb lem.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom qub, braid tus ncej ntawm cov plaub hau, hlua hlaws, hlaws raws li cov tswv yim:

• nruab nrab hlaws rau 6 tig;
• 8 tig ntawm cov hlaws me me;
• ntawm cov hlaws loj kaum tig.

Qhov kev ncua deb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj. Weaving pib thiab xaus nrog cov hlaws me me, thiab cov hlaws loj hauv nruab nrab. Curls tsuas yog braided nrog hlaws dai. Tom ntej no, ua ib tug hairpin. Quav cov hlau hauv ib nrab kom ib kawg yog ob peb centimeters ntev. Txuas nws rau hairpin, hairpin los ntawm txhua ntug yuav tsum yog 5-7 centimeters loj dua. Cov khoom siv ntau dhau raug txiav tawm. Twist lub hairpin los ntawm nruab nrab, ntswj qhov kawg nrog ib tug kauv.

Ua kom tooj liab hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub sib haum xeeb nrog cov thav duab, xov hlaws rau hauv curls (ib thooj ntawm ib kawg, braid rau lwm yam nrog 3 hlaws, 5 hlaws). Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los braid tag nrho cov hairpin kom cov plaub hau tsis tau tangled. Tsuas yog cais cov kav hlau txais xov thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv qhov kev ncua deb yog 0.6 -1 cm, tsim ib daim duab peb sab.

cov tswv yim yooj yim rau cov khoom qub

Cov khw muag khoom xuas tes ua muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv rau kev ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Yuav ib tug ob peb, nws yuav txuag koj lub sij hawm, enrich koj cov kev paub (tam sim no koj yuav twv yuav raug hu yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau kev sib txuas rings, fasteners, clips). Xws li prefabricated hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes tsis txawv ntawm yuav(tshwj tsis yog tus nqi pheej yig).

Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas ua ib haiv neeg kho kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov ntsiab lus square nrog cov voids puag ncig. Los ntawm cov hlau tuab, khoov ib lub square (cov ces kaum yuav tsum ncaj) thiab lub voj voog me me. Muab ib lub square, ib lub voj voog nyob rau hauv nws, braid cov duab nrog ib tug nyias hlau. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog muab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau ntawm cov hlau ua ntej txuas txhua daim duab, thiab tom qab ntawd khi lawv. Koj yuav tau txais cov khoom dai loj heev.

Kom phim lub caj dab nrog qhwv ntsej thiab saws tes, rov ua tib lub ntsiab lus. Hauv qhov piv txwv nrog cov qhwv ntsej square, lub caj dab yuav yooj yim los ntawm cov hlaws dai, thiab hauv nruab nrab, muab cov qauv ntawm cov squares. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm thawj cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub (ob-tone bracelet master class):

• faib cov hlau rau hauv vaj huam sib luag;
• siv shvenz, txuas tig lub teeb tiav semi-arc blanks thiab cov hlau tsaus;
• Txuas txuas rau ntawm ntug;
• tsim cov kab uas tshwm sim rau hauv ib txoj hlua ntawm ntau lub nplhaib.

Txiv kab ntxwv tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov hlua khi, lawv tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm tes. Cov duab ntawm tus nab lossis tus xub yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo li no (duab ntawm tes nrog bracelets).

Cov ntsiab lus xaus

Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev cob qhia koj txhais tes thiab dexterity ntawm tooj liab hlau thaum ua cov plaub hau yooj yim, nplhaib, hairpins. Yog tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej, tsis txhob poob siab. Siv koj lub tswv yim. Hloov chaw ntawm lub qhov cub, siv lub qhov cub roj los tsim cov tee dej (thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj borax, nws tsim ib qho zoo kawg nkaus.nto). Hloov Wigjik nrog sleight ntawm tes, puag ncig lub qhov ntswg pliers, thiab daim ntawv qhia. Lub crossbar tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm qhov pores thawj zaug los ntawm cov koob ntawm cov kab sib txawv.

Yuav kom tsis txhob patinate hlau hniav nyiaj hniav kub, siv cov hlau tsis muaj oxidizing. Koj tuaj yeem npog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog cov kua roj vanish kom ruaj khov. Yog tias koj xav tau tsim patina, ntxuav cov hlau zoo hauv cov kua txiv qaub. Tom qab ntawd koj muab tso rau hauv dej sov, thov ib txheej nyias ntawm sulfuric tshuaj pleev rau ntawm koj cov ntiv tes (khoom muag muag), ntxuav cov khoom hauv qab dej. Tsis tau tshem tawm ntawm cov dej, ntxuav cov sulfur nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav zoo tib yam, so qhuav.

Lossis koj muab cov xaim rau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, thiab tom qab ntawd smear cov hlau sov nrog me nyuam mos cream thiab rub nws mus rau qhov xav tau, ces ntxuav nws nrog xab npum. Ib zaug ntxiv, patina yog cov xim amateur, tsim los ntawm kev sim thiab yuam kev. Koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj xim ntawm antiquity. Qee tus neeg tsuas yog pleev xim nrog kub lossis nyiaj acrylic xim, varnishes.

Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau cov hlau zoo nkauj. Txhua tus tswv pom qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej, tham txog nws hauv nws cov chav kawm master, lossis tsuas yog muab nws qhov tsim. Sim koj txhais tes ntawm cov khoom yooj yim, xyaum ua cov khoom tiav ntawm tus tswv: lub hlwb faib cov khoom kho kom zoo nkauj rau hauv nws cov khoom siv thiab rov ua dua hauv kev xyaum.