Yuav ua li cas coj tus duab zoo nkauj: kev xaiv thiab cov tswv yim

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Ntau tus neeg nyiam kev yees duab npau suav ntawm kev txhim kho lawv cov qib kev tshaj lij, lawv xav kawm yuav ua li cas tua cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj lossis qub qub. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau hom kev yees duab yog portrait. Kab lus no yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib daim duab zoo. Xav txog nws cov hom sib txawv, txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem uas xav tau rau hom no, thiab txiav txim siab cov teeb pom kev zoo tsim nyog rau qhov tseeb portrait.

Technical part

Cov lo ntsiab muag dab tsi los thaij duab? Cia peb pib peb qhov kev tsom xam los ntawm kev saib tus kws yees duab cov txheej txheem rau ib daim duab. Tau kawg, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau cov khoom siv uas tsim nyog lossis tsim nyog rau hom ntawv no. Cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv rau kev tua duab yog 50 hli "whale" lens nrog aperture ntawm 1, 8. Txhua lub tuam txhab muaj xws li lub lens, thiab qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev tsim cov duab portrait. Qhov no yog lub lens ceev uas yuav tso cai rau koj los tua txawm nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb tsa ISO tsawg. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim tias ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb rau cov duab zoo nkauj yog qhov ntse ntawm daim duab, thiab nrog cov txiaj ntsig ISO qis, peb tau txais suab nrov tsawg.

Ntxiv rau, lub khob no tso cai rau koj kom plam keeb kwm yav dhau los zoo, pab peb siv txoj hauv kev kom pom qhov tseem ceeb hauv tus ncej siv qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw. Cov lo ntsiab muag no nyob rau hauv ntau pawg nqi. Tus nqi yog los ntawm 4 txhiab rubles rau 20 txhiab rubles, nyob ntawm seb cov khw. Lub 50 hli lens yog tsim los rau kev tua ib nrab-ntev portraits.

Cov kev xaiv tom ntej yog 85 hli nrog tib tus nqi aperture, tsim los rau cov duab ze ze. Ua tsaug rau nws qhov aperture, nws pab tua nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj, tsim kom muaj cov nyhuv bokeh zoo nkauj. Cov iav no kuj yog "whale", yog li yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab muaj nws, tab sis nws cov nqi tsis txaus nyiam dua li lub lens yav dhau los. Tus nqi pib ntawm 20 txhiab rubles thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 txhiab.

Cov no yog cov peev txheej ntawm txhua lub chaw tsim khoom hauv kev yees duab portrait. Cia peb mus rau qhov kev xaiv kim dua. Txhua hom khoom siv yees duab muaj nws tus kheej kab ntawm cov cuab yeej tshaj lij. Piv txwv li, Canon muaj L-series lo ntsiab muag, Sony muaj G-master lo ntsiab muag. Cov kab ntawm cov cuab yeej no tau muab tso rau hauv kev tshaj lij, muaj qhov zoo dua, ntse dua, duab peb sab, ci dua xim luam tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lo ntsiab muag hauv cov koob no tseem muaj qhov apertures loj dua, xws li 1.4 thiab 1.2. Lawv tso cai rau koj ntxiv qhov muag plooj tom qab thiab tua txawm tias lub teeb qis dua. Tau kawg, qhov zoo tshaj plaws portrait tuaj yeem raug tua nrog lub lens "whale", tab sis ntxiv rau qhov ntawd tom qab.

txheej txheem tuatxoj kev portrait

Yog li, cia peb pib xav seb yuav ua li cas thaij duab ntawm txoj kev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum paub txog kev tua hom no yog lub sijhawm. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau koj yuav tsum yog lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tua nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nrig, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los npaj koj shooting thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj teev, thaum lub hnub yog thaum kaj ntug los yog hnub poob theem. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: yog vim li cas nws thiaj li? Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev: thaum nruab hnub, lub teeb nyob ntawm nws qhov zenith, yog li lub hnub muab lub teeb nyuaj, muab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo hnyav heev. Thaum lub hnub poob los yog hnub tuaj, lub teeb yuav softer thiab ntau conducive rau noj ib tug zoo portrait. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj teeb meem teem caij koj daim duab thaum hnub poob lossis hnub tuaj, muaj qee qhov kev ntxias rau kev yees duab nruab hnub.

Yuav ua li cas thaij duab nrog ib lub teeb nyem Zamorin lossis lwm yam? Qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim ntawm no, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tib yam: koj siv lub teeb nyem thiab tsom koj lub ntsej muag. Lub aperture yog qhib siab tshaj plaws, qhov raug yog tswj los ntawm lub shutter ceev.

Ciam teb ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo

Siv ciam teb ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo. Nws yog dab tsi? Nyob rau hnub tshav ntuj, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov chaw uas muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm lub tsev, ntoo, lossis lwm yam khoom loj. Koj yuav tsum muab tus qauv tso rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo kom muaj 1-2 kauj ruam ntawm ciam teb. Nws ua haujlwm li cas? Asph alt yog ib qho loj reflector, lub hnub lub rays poob rau hauv av, yog reflected los ntawm hauv pem teb thiab yog li tawg lub teeb rau ntawm tus qauv, smoothing tawm ntsug duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm.nws lub ntsej muag. Uas yog, asph alt nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug loj reflector thiab diffuser. Lub teeb diffusers kuj tseem siv tau. Feem ntau lawv raug muag hauv ib lub teeb nrog nyiaj thiab kub reflector, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau them tus nqi ntxiv.

Aperture

Tua tawm dav. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev portraits, raws li thaum lub aperture yog qhib, peb tau pom qhov muag plooj tom qab. Yog li, peb tshem tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog los ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm peb daim duab, piv txwv li, cov neeg caij tsheb, tsheb, lossis qee yam kev tsis zoo hauv qhov chaw uas koj tab tom tua. Ntxiv nrog rau cov nyhuv bokeh, qhov zoo ntawm qhov qhib aperture yog tias nws txo cov suab nrov hauv daim duab, vim tias ntau lub teeb nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab sensor. Thiab txhawm rau txo qhov nyiaj no, koj tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ISO lossis txo qhov nrawm nrawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug qeeb shutter ceev yuav txo tau lub caij nyoog kom tau ib tug qhov muag tsis pom kev. Muaj ib txoj kev xav tias txhawm rau txo qhov "co" koj yuav tsum tau teeb lub aperture tsis pub ntau tshaj qhov focal ntev ntawm lub lens, uas yog, yog tias lub lens muaj qhov ntev ntawm 50 hli, lub shutter ceev yuav tsum tsis muaj. ntau tshaj 1/50. Qhov tseeb, nws yog nyob ntawm koj txiav txim siab seb qhov shutter ceev los teeb, vim qhov ntsuas no yog tus kheej nkaus xwb thiab nyob ntawm tus neeg.

Yuav ua li cas thaij duab nrog lub ntsej muag whale

Thiab tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los tshawb nrhiav txog qhov zais cia. Yuav ua li cas tua ib tug portrait nrog "whale" lo ntsiab muag. Ua ntej, teem koj lub lens rau nws qhov siab tshaj plaws focal ntev,rau 18-55 mm qauv, xaiv ib tug focal ntev ntawm 55 mm. Qhib lub diaphragm tag nrho. Teem nws rau tus nqi tsawg tshaj plaws rau qhov ntev focal ntev, feem ntau yog rau "whale" qhov no yog aperture nrog tus nqi ntawm 5, 6. Tua ntawm qhov ze tshaj plaws tau nyob deb uas haum rau koj hom duab, tab sis cov nyhuv no ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum tua ib ib nrab-ntev los yog pem hauv ntej portrait.

Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qhov qhib aperture ua rau daim duab softer thiab koj yuav tsis tau txais qhov hu ua "ringing" sharpness ntawm cov nqi no. Yog li ntxiv qhov ntse rau koj cov duab thaum ua nrog Alien Skin Exposure 6 plugin. Nws cov algorithms yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm sharpening.

Yuav ua li cas tua ib pab pawg portrait

Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem yuav luag zoo ib yam li kev thaij duab ntawm txoj kev, tshwj tsis yog tias koj xav tau lub lens nrog qhov ntev focal ntev. Lub lens 35 mm yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau lub hom phiaj no, tab sis lub lens 50 mm tuaj yeem muab faib nrog. Dab tsi aperture kuv yuav tsum tua portraits ntawm? Nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg portrait, nws raug nquahu kom tuav lub aperture me ntsis kom tau txais ntau sharpness ntawm cov npoo ntawm tus ncej, vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua tus neeg nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam thiab sharpness. Qhov no yog qhov uas txhua qhov sib txawv, ntawm lub koob yees duab sab.

Lub teeb yuav nyob ntawm seb koj xav tau qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias koj xav tau kev tshaj tawm pab pawg portrait, tom qab ntawd koj tsis tas yuav hais txog keeb kwm yav dhau los. Cia nws yog qhov nws tiag tiag. Pom zoo tias daim duab duab hauv qhov yuam sij tsaus yuav zoo dua yog tias nyob rauQhov kev tshwm sim yuav sov heev, chamber teeb pom kev zoo. Tab sis yog tias koj xav tau tua, piv txwv li, ib lub tsev kawm ntawv chav kawm, ces koj yuav tsum tau ua kom pom cov keeb kwm yav dhau, tsim lub thiaj li hu ua lub teeb puv. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv ob lub flashes nrog lub kaus nyob rau hauv lub teeb, uas yuav pleev xim rau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog lub teeb muag muag, thaum tom qab yuav tsaus heev. Koj tuaj yeem siv ib lub flash nrog lub pop reflector uas yuav tsum tau taw qhia. Thaum qhib, lub teeb yuav thaws tawm ntawm lub qab nthab, sau cov keeb kwm yav dhau nrog lub teeb, thaum lub reflector yuav kos lub ntsej muag. Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lub teeb ntog ntawm lub ntsej muag yuav nyuaj, yuav tsis muaj smoothness ntawm daim duab. Lub teeb schemes tuaj yeem teeb tsa ntau txoj hauv kev, yog li sim sim thiab sim cov tswv yim sib txawv.

Studio

Thiab qhov kawg uas tseem yuav tau txheeb xyuas yog yuav ua li cas tua cov duab hauv ib lub studio. Studio shooting yog ib tug heev nyuaj thiab complex txheej txheem. Nws yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom siv: synchronizers, flashes, pulsed light sources. Feem ntau, studios muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov arsenal ib yam khoom ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, ntau lub nozzles rau lawv, synchronizers, thiab ntawv keeb kwm. Tab sis yuav ua li cas npaj lub teeb schemes yog txaus siab rau ntau. Tab sis peb yuav pib nrog lub cuab yeej thiab teeb tsa qhov chaw impulse.

Impulse ntaus ntawv thiab lub koob yees duab teeb

Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov nruab nrab tus nqi ntawm lub zog impulse, rau qhov no peb pom nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi. Cia nws nyob qhov twg 1, 0. Thiab peb pom tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, piv txwv li8.0. Tom qab ntawd qhov nruab nrab lub zog ntawm qhov chaw no yuav yog 3.5. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tus nqi no, tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua peb qhov chaw pib. Kev kho qhov ci tom ntej yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus nqi no. Lub teeb nyem muaj ob lub teeb pom kev zoo: lub teeb qauv thiab lub teeb nws tus kheej. Lub teeb qauv qhia koj li cas lub teeb yuav pw ntawm koj tus qauv txhawm rau teeb lub teeb kom raug.

Cia mus nrawm nrawm ntawm lub koob yees duab teeb tsa. Feem ntau, rau kev tua hauv studios, cov kws yees duab siv lub shutter ceev ntawm 1/125 thiab ISO ntawm 100 units. Yog vim li cas ib tug excerpt? Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev. Yog tias koj teem lub shutter ceev ceev tshaj 1/125, peb yuav pom tias ib feem ntawm lub shutter yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab, raws li nws tsuas muaj sij hawm los kaw ua ntej lub flash fires.

Teeb schemes

Lub teeb tseem ceeb yuav tsum yog siab dua tus qauv ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees vim tias qhov ntawd yog qhov ci ntsa iab. Qhov ntawd yog, peb xyaum lub teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev coj lub teeb los ntawm saum toj no hauv txoj kev ntuj. Ntxiv mus, yog tias peb teem nws ntxiv los ntawm tus qauv, peb yuav tau txais lub teeb nyuaj, zoo ib yam li lub hnub.

Lub tswv yim teeb pom kev zoo no tsis haum rau kev yees duab portrait, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho dua tshiab yog tias lub diffuse octobox muab tso rau ntawm lub teeb ci tseem ceeb. Ces lub teeb ntog ntawm tus qauv yuav softer thiab qab ntxiag. Nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm ob sab thiab pem hauv ntej ntawm tus qauv. Los ntawm kev tso lub teeb rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus qauv, peb tau txais kev ua haujlwm ntau dua, txij li nrog lub teeb zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag ncaj qha.qauv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Nrog rau sab teeb pom kev zoo, tus qauv lub ntsej muag yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws coj mus rau qhov chaw, thiab saib rau hauv lub koob yees duab, yog li peb tshem tawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo uas tshwm ntawm lub ntsej muag. Yog tias peb teeb lub teeb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus qauv thiab coj nws lub ntsej muag, piv txwv li, mus rau sab xis, ces cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntsug yuav tsim nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub ntsej muag. Cov duab ntxoov ntxoo no tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm qhov teeb pom kev zoo, uas yuav nyob rau sab uas cov duab ntxoov ntxoo tshwm. Qhov thib ob lub teeb ci yuav tsum tsis muaj zog tshaj qhov tseem ceeb. Vim yog tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam, koj yuav tau txais daim duab tiaj tus heev yam tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo txhua, uas yuav zoo li tsis zoo. Nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem kho qhov raug los ntawm kev txav tus qauv lossis hloov lub aperture.

Yuav ua li cas tua txiv neej portrait hauv studio? Feem ntau, rau kev tua ib tug txiv neej portrait, lub teeb nyuaj ntawm lub hwj chim tsawg yog siv. Txhawm rau txhawm rau hais txog lub ntsej muag ntawm tus txiv neej, siv lub tswv yim teeb pom kev zoo nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ib sab ntawm tus qauv.

Yuav ua li cas tua ib tus duab ntawm iPhone

Yuav ua li cas thaij duab ntawm tus duab ntawm iPhone? Thawj kauj ruam yog los so lub koob yees duab lens ntawm koj lub smartphone. Txhawm rau thaij duab ntawm iPhone, koj tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si lub koob yees duab app thiab tus thib peb app, xws li ProCam app. Hauv daim ntawv thov no, koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv ISO, shutter ceev, thiab qhov chaw seem dawb. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm daim ntawv thov txheej txheem, pib los ntawm tus qauv thib xya, yog qhov muaj lub ntsej muag portrait uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tsim "bokeh", yog li simulating lub portrait lens ntawm lub koob yees duab SLR. Yog koj muajTxij li thaum muaj lub teeb pom kev hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam, koj tuaj yeem nqa tus pab nrog koj uas yuav tuav nws kom lub teeb ntog ntawm tus qauv softer.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog txoj cai ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo. Lawv kuj ua haujlwm rau kev tua nrog lub smartphone. Siv lub tripod nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj teeb meem kom txo tau qhov kev vibrations. Siv ib daim phiaj, daim phiaj no, raws li txoj cai thib peb, qhia tau hais tias qhov twg nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov ncej. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tso cov qauv ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab sib chaws. Them mloog mus rau lub facades ntawm lub tsev, chaw ua si, alleys, tag nrho cov no yuav pab decorate lub composition ntawm koj daim duab.

Ib ob peb lo lus xaus

Zaj lus qhia txog kev tua duab. Tam sim no nws paub meej tias yuav ua li cas thaij duab zoo nkauj. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum paub qhov kev paub no thiab sim koj txhais tes ntawm koj tus kheej. Tsis txhob zaum hauv tsev, cob qhia, sim, sib sau ua ke kev paub. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi lens lossis lub koob yees duab koj muaj. Koj tuaj yeem nqa daim duab zoo nkauj nrog koj lub xov tooj. Tsis muaj dab tsi ua tsis tau. Yog tsis muaj kev xyaum thiab lub siab xav yees duab, koj yuav tsis ua tiav qhov xav tau.