Engobes - nws yog dab tsi Txheej txheej thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Angobe yog xim dawb lossis xim txheej rau cov khoom siv av nplaum. Cov tshuaj no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev coj tawm cov xim ntuj ntawm cov av nplaum thiab ntxiv rau cov khoom siv zoo nkauj. Nws yog siv rau cov av nplaum ntub los yog qhuav thiab tom qab ntawd raug rho tawm haujlwm. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem npog nrog glaze. Kev siv engobe tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau 3000 BC. e. Cov qauv ntawm cov ceramics kho nrog cov khoom zoo li no tau pom thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations.

Engobes rau ceramics - nws yog dab tsi

Lawv yog cov kua ceramic loj, sib xyaw ntawm av nplaum, dej thiab, raws li txoj cai, xim. Flux lossis silica (silicon dioxide) tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom xyaw. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv fritted (frit, silica-nplua nuj iav compound uas raug rho tawm los ntawm cov cua sov tsawg kom txog thaum sintered). Qhov no txo qis shrinkage ntawm cov khoom tiav.

Cov khoom ntawm engobe thiab glaze yog me ntsis zoo sib xws. Glaze yogib tug nyias glassy txheej siv rau earthenware. Nws yog cov hmoov sib tov ntawm oxides thiab pigments diluted nrog dej. Nws yog siv los ntawm dipping, txau, watering los yog txhuam. Ob qhov kev ua tiav sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tiav: lub glaze muaj glossy tiav.

Angobe yog daim npog uas suav tias yog universal. Nws yog siv feem ntau los muab kev ua haujlwm tob ntawm cov xim thiab sib txawv.

Xim engobes yog siv los ua cov xim pleev xim. Lawv yog cov cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj, nrog rau lawv cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov xim nplua nuj palette yog tsim tau yooj yim nrog ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab hloov maj mam.

Engobee yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau xim ceramics thaum siv cov qauv nyuaj, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv ob peb xim sib txawv.

Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ua tiav lossis ib feem npog. Nws pab tsim ib tug smoother nto. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev pab ntawm tha xim nrog engobes, koj tuaj yeem nkaum cov xim tsis xav tau, cov qauv embossed, thiab lwm yam. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua txheej txheej, uas tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv: yog li, cov khoom tau txais cov khoom tiav thiab xim. Nws kuj tseem siv los ua txheej txheej nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem ceramic thiab glaze.

Siv engobe, koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim xim, kab txaij thiab cov qauv nyuaj. Rau kev kos duab meej, koj tuaj yeem siv tus cwj mem kos ua ntej. Koj tuaj yeem siv stencil.

Ntau tshajengobe yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov vuas ua ib txheej ntawm lub hauv paus thiab glaze. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, automated filling / dipping txoj kev yog siv. Cov engobe dawb tsim ib qhov chaw uas glazes tuaj yeem muaj cov xim zoo ib yam li cov plooj (porcelain).

Daim ntawv thov

Engobes yog siv tib yam li glaze, los ntawm kev ywg dej, dipping, txau lossis siv txhuam. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom tuaj yeem ua raw, me ntsis qhuav, qhuav lossis ua ntej raug rho tawm haujlwm. Tom qab engobe tau thov, cov khoom tuaj yeem raug them tam sim nrog glaze thiab xa mus rau kev tua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog ua tiav yog tias cov glaze tau siv tom qab lub engobe-coated daim tau raug rho tawm haujlwm.

Cov ntaub ntawv thov

Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom nrog engobe: impeccably huv si ntawm cov khoom, ua raws li cov huab cua thiab hluav taws shrinkage ntawm lub engobe thiab cov khoom engobe, ntxhib nto ntawm cov khoom kom paub meej sintering ntawm lub engobe nrog cov khoom siv hauv paus. Lub thickness ntawm daim ntawv thov engobe txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.2 hli, raws li ib tug thicker txheej yuav tev tawm thaum qhuav thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm.

Production

Muaj qee yam cuab yeej rau kev npaj engobe. Cov khoom siv (pegmatite, chalk, cullet) yog thawj zaug ntxuav, txheeb thiab crushed. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau txhaj tshuaj raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, muab tso rau hauv lub pob zeb, qhov twg 40% dej ntxiv rau lawv, nrog rau, yog tias tsim nyog, xim pigments. Txheej txheemkev sib tsoo thiab sib tov yuav siv li ntawm 20 mus rau 25 teev, tom qab ntawd cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw yog lim thiab nchuav rau hauv ntim.

Tobacco engobe

Thawj zaug cov txheej txheem no tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv heev los ntawm kev sib tsoo, thaum tus kws tsim khoom siv ntswj zom luam yeeb rau ntawm cov khoom uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj, vim tias cov duab kos zoo ib yam li cov ceg ntoo lossis pob zeb pib nthuav tawm.

Dub engobe yog diluted mus rau ib tug me ntsis thinner sib xws tshaj li niaj zaus. Cov luam yeeb pomace ntxiv rau nws. Koj tuaj yeem siv engobe ntawm txhua yam xim nrog ntxiv cov xim lossis oxide. Hauv qhov no, cov txheej txheem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw acidic thiab alkaline xov xwm. Thawj tus tuaj yeem tsim nrog vinegar, citric acid, turpentine, faerie, thiab txawm npias.

Txhawm rau siv daim duab kos, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau drip lub resulting sib tov yam tsis tas kov cov khoom nrog txhuam. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom yog qhuav, raug rho tawm haujlwm, npog nrog lub pob tshab lossis translucent glaze thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm dua.

Txoj kev tsim cov txheej txheem

Txhim kho lub rheology (flowability ntawm ib yam khoom), coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, viscosity thiab thixotropy (muaj peev xwm mus nyias) ntawm ncua kev kawm ntawv, yog ib tug complex, ilv txheej txheem. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txuas nrog cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sib xyaw, vim nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj cua npuas raug rub mus rau hauv qhov loj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau kom qhuav sai ntawm lub engobe, tsis yog qhov loj heev ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub hauv paus, yuav tsum muaj cov kua dej txaus los xyuas kom meej fluidity thiab viscosity. Qhov sib xws ntawm engobe hloov thaum lub sij hawm cia, yog li nws yog tsim nyog los sib tov thiab kho kom huv sidegree ntawm viscosity nrog txhua qhov kev siv.

Thaum siv nws, nco ntsoov tias txheej txheej tuab dua, nws tsim teeb meem ntau dua. Thaum ua ntawv thov rau cov khoom lag luam, lub engobe yuav tsum mechanically bond rau saum npoo thaum ziab thiab shrinkage. Thaum lub glaze siv rau ib lub engobe, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub thermal expansions ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ib leeg.

Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov shrinkage piv ntawm lub engobe yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter, nws yuav tsum phim cov av nplaum hauv qab, txwv tsis pub lub sab saum toj txheej yuav puas.

Khoom siv los tsim

Lawv muab faib ua ob peb pawg:

• av nplaum nrog kaolin lossis calcined kaolin, feem ntau siv los ntawm cov av nplaum los tiv thaiv qhov ntsws;
• fluxes siv hauv glaze;
• fillers (feem ntau silicon dioxide);
• hardeners (borax, calcium borate thiab ntau yam resins)
• dyes.

Basic engobe recipes

Peb daim ntawv qhia engobe hauv qab no muab qhov pib zoo rau kev sim ntxiv. Engobes tuaj yeem dyed nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev.

Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no feem pua:

1. Kaolin - 20, talc - 25, calcined kaolin - 10, calcium borate - 15, silicon dioxide - 15, borax - 5, circopax - 10.

Kaolin - 15, talc - 10, calcined kaolin - 20, calcium borate - 10, nepheline syenite - 10, borax - 5, silicon dioxide - 20, circopax (zircon opacifier rau glazes) - 10.

2. Kaolin - 15, talc - 5, calcined kaolin - 35, nepheline syenite - 15, borax - 5, silicon dioxide - 15, circopax - 10.

Tau xim engobe

Thaum ua cov xim engobe, ua tib zoo ntsuas cov xim xim xim. Ua ntej, nws yog av rau iav nrog ntxiv dej. Tom qab ntawd cov dawb engobe yog sib xyaw kom huv si nrog cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim kom txog thaum nws muaj xim sib npaug.

Koj tuaj yeem siv 40% pob av nplaum, 20% liab hlau oxide, 20% manganese dioxide, 20% cob alt oxide los tsim ib qho yooj yim xiav engobe.

Ntau yam oxides, carbonates thiab cov xim ua lag luam tuaj yeem siv los xim cov zaub mov txawv engobe. Qee cov xim tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov xim hauv qab no.

Dub tint yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv 3% hlau oxide thiab 2% ntawm cob alt oxide, npib tsib xee oxide, manganese dioxide.

Dub xiav xim tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv 1.5% cob alt oxide.

Cov xim ntsuab nruab nrab tau los ntawm kev ntxiv 3% tooj liab oxide.

Ocher yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv 4.5% daj ocher.

xim liab nruab nrab ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv 3% hlau oxide.

Thaum ntxiv 6% rutile, creamy xim av ntxoov ntxoo tuaj yeem ua tiav.

Yog tias koj ntxiv 3% hlau chromate, koj tau txais qhov tsaus grey engobe. Ntxiv 6% manganese dioxide yuav ua rau cov xim liab-xim av.