Soviet lub koob yees duab: FED, "Voskhod", "Moscow", "Zenith", "Hloov"

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Lub tebchaws Soviet tau nto moo rau nws keeb kwm nplua nuj nyob hauv txhua qhov kev qhia yam tsis muaj kev zam. Cinema, directing, kos duab tsis sawv ib sab. Cov kws yees duab kuj tau sim khaws thiab qhuas lub hwj chim loj ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej siv siab. Thiab lub hlwb ntawm Soviet engineers xav tsis thoob nrog cov kws yees duab nyiam siv thoob ntiaj teb.

Dab tsi yog qhov zais cia ntawm kev vam meej ntawm cov neeg tsim cov koob yees duab? Vim li cas, ntau lab tus tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb, zoo li yog nyob rau hauv hypnosis, saib cov masterpieces ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev yees duab? Vim li cas cov koob yees duab ntawm USSR paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb? Hauv kab lus no koj yuav pom lawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv lub yeeb koob.

Vigilant

Nyob rau xyoo 1954, lub koob yees duab qauv no tau suav tias yog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tshaj plaws thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev yees duab. Yuav luag txhua tus kws yees duab amateur, photojournalists, nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb npau suav txog "Zorkom". Lub hauv paus rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog siv cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm.

SivKev yees duab siv lub koob yees duab Zorkiy tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ob txhais tes thiab siv lub koob yees duab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj lub qhov (socket) tshwj xeeb rau hauv qab ntawm lub koob yees duab, uas tso cai rau koj kom ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov rau kev txhawb nqa. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv tawv ua rau nws tuaj yeem tua yam tsis tau tshem tawm lub cuab yeej.

Lub koob yees duab "Zorkiy" tau dhau los ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm engineering. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog nws, nws raug pom zoo kom ua raws li nram no ib theem zuj zus:

1. Yog tias lub koob yees duab muaj lub lens retractable, muab tso rau hauv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm.
2. Ib txoj hauv kev uas twb muaj lawm los txiav txim siab lub sijhawm raug rau qhov aperture muab.
3. Teeb lub aperture ntawm lub lens.
4. Start the shutter.
5. Set shutter speed.
6. Kho lub lens kom pom tseeb.
7. Pib tua los ntawm maj mam nias lub khawm.

Thaum tua ob txhais tes, nws yuav tsum tuav lub koob yees duab kom ntseeg siab, tab sis tsis tas yuav nruj. Cov cuab yeej no ib zaug ua pov thawj tias USSR koob yees duab tsim nyog tau txais kev hwm!

FED-2

Lub koob yees duab FED yog cov cuab yeej tshaj lij rau cov kws yees duab, tsim tawm xyoo 1952. Hais txog kev mob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws yog ib qho kev txhim kho tiag tiag thiab tau nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj koob npe hauv "USSR koob yees duab" qeb.

Kev tua tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm thiab los ntawm kev paub lub sijhawm ntawd. Snapshot, tripod, handheld, shutter speed - xijpeem. Tsis muaj dab tsi rau FED-2ua tsis tau. Nws tau hlub tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab cov duab kos duab uas nquag thaij duab toj roob hauv pes, kev ua kis las thiab panoramas.

FED tau tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb tsim ntawm Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm ntawm NKVD ntawm Ukrainian SSR npe tom qab. F. E. Dzerzhinsky tag nrho los ntawm Soviet raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nws siv cov txheej txheem perforated zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv 1.60 m ntev raws li cov khoom tsis zoo, uas tso cai rau lub tshuab thauj khoom ib txhij los tsim 36 txhaj tshuaj.

Tus tsim ntawm FED-2 lub koob yees duab tau ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuab. Hauv lwm lo lus, los ntawm winding lub shutter, tus kws yees duab tau ib txhij rewinding zaj duab xis thiab suav tus naj npawb ntawm txhaj tshuaj.

Moscow

Cov khoom siv, nrog rau lub koob yees duab no xyoo 1959, suav nrog lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej nrog lub kaw lus tshaj lij "Moment-24C", lub rooj plaub, ib zaj duab xis reel, tso tawm cable, lub thawv rau nqa thiab khaws cia, nrog rau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws nrog daim ntawv hla tebchaws thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej.

Cov chaw tsim khoom tau muab kev pabcuam lav rau lub koob yees duab "Moskva" hauv ib xyoos tom qab kev yuav khoom, muab cov cuab yeej tsis qhib thiab tshem tawm sab nraum lub Hoobkas.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub koob yees duab yog ceev optics. Tsis tas li qhov zoo ntxiv rau txhua tus kws yees duab amateur yog rooj plaub nrog lub xub pwg pluaj tshwj xeeb.

Hauv kev tsim cov qauv no, Soviet engineers tiag tiag outd lawv tus kheej. Optical tsom xam, rangefinder nrog lub hauv paus dav ntawm 65 mm, thiablub kaw lus nruab nrab, uas muaj yim lub kaw lus tsis siv neeg kaw, ua ke nrog lub flash synchronizer, tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ib tus kws yees duab pib xyaum ua hauv USSR.

Lub koob yees duab Moskva tuaj yeem nqa ntau li 12 6x6 cm duab yam tsis tau them nyiaj ntxiv. Tam sim no cov nuj nqis no yuav zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg rau peb, tab sis xyoo 1954 nws tau nyob rau ntawm qhov kev xav, uas, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, peb yuav tsum ua tsaug dua rau Soviet engineers uas tsim cov txheej txheem meej hauv xyoo tom qab tsov rog. Cov cuab yeej no qhuas cov koob yees duab ntawm USSR, pab lawv kom tau qhov chaw siab hauv cov npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb!

Zenith

"Zenith" tau koom rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom siv iav. Nws tau npaj rau ntau hom kev tua thiab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ob qho tib si xim thiab xim dub thiab dawb zaj duab xis. Cov neeg uas siv cov cuab yeej no feem ntau tuaj yeem piav qhia hauv ob lo lus: tus kws yees duab zoo nkauj heev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus qauv Zenith qub tseem nyuaj heev rau siv rau tus kws yees duab zoo tib yam thiab tsis zoo rau tus kws tshaj lij kws yees duab, yog li nws tau muab cais ua "siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab".

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm tus qauv yog qhov hu ua daim iav ntawm kev tsom xam tam sim no. Nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov khoom tas li, ua kom pom tseeb thiab ua kom pom tseeb thiab meej ntawm daim duab. Lub koob yees duab Zenit qub tuaj yeem siv nrog cov lo ntsiab muag xws li 37 mus rau 1000 hli hauv qhov ntev focal, nrog rau cov nplhaib tshwj xeeb elongated,tso cai ua luam tawm thiab tua cov khoom me me ze-up - hu ua macro- thiab micro-photography.

Smena-2

Lub koob yees duab "Smena-2" belongs rau chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv me me. Nws muaj ib tug nruj heev tsim, lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm uas yog purely amateur photography. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov kws tshaj lij hla tus qauv no. Rau lawv lub hom phiaj, nws yog qhov yooj yim heev, txawm hais tias, ntawm qhov tod tes, rau cov kws yees duab nyiam ua haujlwm zoo tib yam, nws txoj haujlwm yooj yim thiab nkag siab.

Lub koob yees duab no tuaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev, nrog rau lub lens uas yooj yim muab kev tsim ntawm tsib qhov tsis siv neeg raug thiab ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab. Cov cuab yeej kuj tau nruab nrog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb synchronizer rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lub teeb nyem.

Los ntawm tig lub lens, nws yooj yim rau kev tsom mus rau yam khoom xav tau. Cov ciam teb ntawm cov duab tau txheeb xyuas siv lub tshuab tshawb fawb kho qhov muag, uas tau tsim los rau hauv lub koob yees duab Smena-2. Cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem raug them yam tsis muaj teeb meem hauv lub teeb, uas tseem ceeb heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb rau rov ua cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm tsuas yog 1 thav duab, uas yog qhov kev txhim kho hauv lub xeev ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Satellite

Tshaj tawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov qauv tom ntej ntawm Sputnik lub koob yees duab, cov chaw tsim khoom tau hais rau cov pej xeem txog lub npe hu ua stereo teeb. Cov neeg tsim khoomthov tias ib daim duab stereoscopic tshwj xeeb yuav pab tau cov duab uas yuav muab qhov tseeb spatial sawv cev ntawm qhov chaw, khoom thiab ntau yam khoom.

Cov khoom siv no suav nrog Sputnik lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej, nrog rau cov thav duab tshwj xeeb rau kev luam tawm thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Sputnik, ib daim duab tau txais, muaj ob peb daim duab sib txawv me ntsis, raws li kev ntsuam xyuas uas ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov sib koom ua ke, duab peb sab. Raws li cov neeg ua pov thawj, lub spectacle yog tiag tiag bewitching. Lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej tuaj yeem raug them nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis tu ncua. Tus kws yees duab tuaj yeem nqa 6 qhov tshwj xeeb stereoscopic thav duab lossis 12 tus qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv no tau nruab nrog kev tso tawm pib ua haujlwm uas ua rau lub kaw lus tom qab kwv yees li 7-8 vib nas this. Yav dhau los, cov koob yees duab ntawm USSR tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm qhov ntawd.

Sunrise

"Voskhod" tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1964 mus rau 1968 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Leningrad, ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Lenin Optical-Mechanical Association. Cov cuab yeej no muaj lub cev zoo nkauj, uas yog ua los ntawm aluminium alloy thiab qhib phab ntsa (los ntawm txoj kev, nws yooj yim heev). Rewinding zaj duab xis, nrog rau cocking lub koob yees duab, tau nqa nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug trigger.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tus txhais tau nyob ntawm lub thoob ntawm lub lens, uas txawv heev rau cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub koob yees duab "Sunrise" muaj ib tug loj ntawm 850 grams thiabmuaj peev xwm tua 24x36 mm thav ntawv siv lub flash nrog kev sib cuag ntawm pawg "X" thiab "M".

Ntxhais lus tseeb

Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no zoo li tsis yog tus qauv nrov tshaj plaws hauv Soviet Union thaum lub sijhawm ntawd muaj tag nrho 59,225 daim ntawv luam tawm. Tsis zoo li lwm cov qauv, lub koob yees duab no tseem tuaj yeem yooj yim yuav hauv Russia thiab CIS lub teb chaws niaj hnub no. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm Voskhod qauv tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Peb nco ntsoov, peb zoo siab

Cov kab lus tau tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv, cov yam ntxwv thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov koob yees duab nrov tshaj plaws Soviet. Tau kawg, kev vam meej yeej tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab, nkag siab qhov tseeb no, kuv xav rov nco txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet engineers. Ua tsaug rau lawv cov kev siv zog uas cov koob yees duab Soviet tsis txaj muag los qhia rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws, thiab cov duab thaij nrog lawv pab tau zoo tshaj plaws!