Cov phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Ib phau ntawv yog ib qho kev tshaj tawm uas muaj cov nplooj ntawv cais uas qee cov ntaub ntawv raug siv ntau txoj hauv kev, txawm tias nws yog cov ntawv luam tawm lossis cov ntawv sau.

Phau ntawv raws li khoom sau

Ib phau ntawv yog luam tawm ntau dua 48 nplooj ntawv, feem ntau yog hardcover.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, cov phau ntawv yuav txawv ntawm cov qauv kev nthuav qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm e-phau ntawv, cov menyuam yaus cov lus dab neeg uas muaj qhov tsis zoo (piv txwv li, phaib lossis peb-dimensional kis).

Tam sim no muas phau ntawv no tsis nyuaj. Muaj ntau yam khoom muaj rau txhua tus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee phau ntawv uas nyuaj heev kom tau txais.

Muaj tsawg heev (tej zaum hauv ib daim ntawv luam) uas muaj ntau pua xyoo. Nws yog cov ntawv no uas tau dhau los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau rau cov neeg sau khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Lawv tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab npaj muab ntau lab los ua kom tiav lawv cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj.

Rare Collector's Editions

Dab tsi yog lawv, phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb? Hauv qab no yog kaum ob ntawm lawv.

1. "The First Book of Urizen", William Blake. Tshaj tawm xyoo 1794, nws yogib tug ntawm cov ntsiab lus yaj saub phau ntawv ntawm tus sau. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov khoom no tau muag ntawm New York auction rau tus kheej sau rau $ 2.5 lab.



2. "The Tales of Biddle the Bard" los ntawm J. K. Rowling. Txawm tias ua ntej tus sau Harry Potter tau nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov phau ntawv tau pib muag tawm hauv ntau lab luam, xya daim ntawv ntawm cov dab neeg tau sau los ntawm tes los ntawm nws. Rau ntawm lawv tau dhau los ua khoom plig rau cov phooj ywg, thiab thib xya tau muab tso rau kev sib tw hauv xyoo 2007. Nws raug nqi $3.98 lab.



3. "Geography", Claudius Ptolemy. Qhov no yog thawj zaug luam tawm atlas paub hauv ntiaj teb, hnub tim 1477. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no kuj yog thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm. Lub atlas tau muag ntawm London auction rau $ 4 lab.



4. "Treatise on fruit tree", Henri de Monceau, Pierre Poato, Pierre Tervin. Ib daim ntawv luam ntawm tsib phau ntawv no tau muag hauv 2006 rau $ 4.5 lab.
5. "The Gutenberg Bible"'. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, muaj 48 daim ntawv luam ntawm cov haujlwm no nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Ib ntawm lawv tau muag hauv 1987 rau yuav luag $ 5 lab.
6. "Shakespeare thawj lub ntsej muag". Tam sim no, tsab ntawv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nrhiav-tom qab phau ntawv rau txhua tus neeg paub txog keeb kwm yav dhau los. Xyoo 2001, Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen tau yuav phau ntawv rau $ 6.1 lab.



7. "The Canterbury Tales" los ntawm Geoffrey Chaucer. Thawj tsab ntawm cov khoom no hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th thiab muag rau $ 7.5 lab ntawm auction.
8. "Birds of America" los ntawm James Oddubon. Thawj tsab yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm "cov phau ntawv kim tshaj" vim li cas. Xyoo 2010, nws tau muag thiab, raws li, yuav rau 11 thiab ib nrab lab daus las.
9. "Txoj moo zoo ntawm Henry tus tsov ntxhuav", Order of St. Benedict. Qhov no yog ib qho txuj ci tiag tiag ntawm cov ntawv sau txij thaum xyoo pua 12th. Phau ntawv tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Duke of Saxony - Heinrich the Lion, nws suav nrog 266 nplooj ntawv thiab muaj 50 daim duab. Xyoo 1983, tsoomfwv German tau yuav nws ntawm kev sib tw rau $ 11.7 lab.



10. Thiab yog li peb tuaj rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov twg yog phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Thiab qhov no yog Leonardo da Vinci's Codex Leicester. Nyob rau hauv 1994, Codex tau yuav los ntawm Bill Gates rau ib tug whopping $30.7 lab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no, qhov no yog kwv yees li 49 lab.

Tab sis yog koj xav tias tsuas yog cov ntawv tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws muaj nqis txog lab daus las, ces koj yuam kev. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom kim tshaj plaws hauv tsev.

Cov phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob hauv

Yog li, saum 5 "Cov phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia".

1. "Lavxias teb sab duab", Dmitry Rovinsky. Kev tshaj tawm tau luam tawm xyoo 1881. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 2013 nws tau muag ntawm auction rau 11lab rubles. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 250 daim ntawv luam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tus lej ntim - 11 units.
2. "Eugene Onegin", A. S. Pushkin, 1829-1832 ib tsab. Cov ntawv tshiab nto moo tau tsim los ntawm tus sau tau xya xyoo. Txhua tshooj tau luam tawm raws li tau sau tseg. Lub convoy muaj tag nrho cov tshooj ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tus nqi rau phau ntawv yog 8.6 lab rubles.
3. "Antiquities ntawm Lavxias teb sab State, luam tawm los ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws Command", Fyodor Solntsev. Tus kws sau ntawv yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev kos duab archaeology, hauv nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb nws tau piav qhia txog keeb kwm monuments ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws kom raug li sai tau. Tshaj tawm xyoo 1849, tus nqi uas nws tau muag hauv 2013 yog 7 lab rubles.
4. "Common armorial of noble tsev neeg ntawm All-Russian Empire". Daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe Lavxias tau rov ua dua nyob rau lub sijhawm 37 xyoo, los ntawm 1803 txog 1840. 10 ntim suav nrog 1262 lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Phau ntawv no yog ib tsab tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab muaj nqis 6 lab.
5. Mikhail Chulkov, "Cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias kev lag luam ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab ciam teb …" Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tau ntxiv rau cov lus piav qhia uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txhim kho kev lag luam Lavxias, kev lag luam thiab kev thauj mus los txij li lub sijhawm Peter I. Xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm: 1781-1788. Tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog 5.9 lab rubles.

Cov no yog phau ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj thiab kim tshaj plaws. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom tsis tshua muaj. Tej zaum ob peb tus neeg paub, tab sis txawm tias cov phau ntawv qub qub uas kim tshaj plaws tuaj yeem suav ntau txhiab lossis ntau lab luam tawm, tau kawg, qhov no, thawj phau ntawv yog tus nqi tshwj xeeb,tus nqi uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau lab.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas cov phau ntawv sau tau

Cov phau ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj thiab kim tshaj plaws raug xaiv raws li cov hauv qab no.

1. Phau ntawv los ntawm Ivan Fedorov lossis nws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tsis muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv tshuav nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, tab sis vim yog lawv lub xeev tu siab, tus nqi ntawm qee qhov haujlwm tsis nce siab dua 300 txhiab rubles.
2. Cov phau ntawv Antique luam tawm nyob rau xyoo 18th thiab 19th, kos duab los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo.
3. Tsis yog cov phau ntawv puas tag. Cov kws sau ntawv yog cov neeg muaj tswv yim, thiab yog li ntawd yooj yim raug mob. Rau ntau yam laj thawj, suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo los ntawm cov neeg thuam, lawv yuav luag tag nrho cov kev ncig thiab rhuav tshem lawv cov haujlwm. Cov "cov muaj sia nyob" ntawm cov phau ntawv npau taws no yog cov ntawv sau muaj txiaj ntsig.
4. thawj phau ntawv yav tom ntej luminaries ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kws sau ntawv cov ntawv sau tseg yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Tau kawg, thaum nrhiav tau li no, yuav tsum muaj kev txawj sau ntawv.
5. Ib sim neej ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo, tshwj xeeb nrog lawv cov ntawv sau npe.

Cov phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws feem ntau yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.

phau ntawv kim tshaj

Txhua tus neeg kawm ntawv tau hnov txog Leonardo da Vinci thiab tsawg kawg yog me ntsis, tab sis paub txog nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev tsim khoom. Yuav luag txhua yam uas tus neeg txawj ntse tau ua tiav tau zoo, thiab qee qhov ntawm nws qhov kev tsim thiab kev xav tau ua ntej lawv lub sijhawm.

Lub Codex Leicester, lossis tsuas yog "Treatise on Water, Earth and Celestial Bodies", yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsimItalian neeg txawj ntse. Lub treatise zoo li ib phau ntawv nrog sau ntawv hais txog cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, uas tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau thaum nyob rau hauv Milan los ntawm 1506 txog 1510

Nkag muaj cov duab kos los ntawm tus sau. Ntawm no tus neeg tsim khoom tau qhia cov lus xaus ntawm nws cov kev soj ntsuam thiab kev sim uas nws tau ua thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej.

Nyob rau xyoo 1717, lub treatise tau yuav los ntawm ib lub tsev Askiv nto moo, tom qab ntawd nws tau txais nws lub npe.

Txoj hmoo ntawm phau ntawv tam sim no

Phau ntawv tau yuav ntawm kev sib tw los ntawm tus txiv neej nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thaum lub sijhawm ntawd - Bill Gates - rov qab rau xyoo 1994 rau yuav luag 31 lab daus las.

Tam sim no phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws daim duab yog feem ntau adorned nrog daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, qhov twg tus tswv ntawm treatise txhua xyoo muab ib qho kev nthuav qhia.

Phau ntawv ntawm USSR

Nyob rau hauv lub qub Soviet Union, cov phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj kuj muaj nuj nqis heev. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau lawv xaiv yog qhov piv ntawm cov ntawv luam thiab xav tau hauv khw, khi thiab, tau kawg, kev nyab xeeb.

Cov phau ntawv ntaus nqi siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Soviet Union

Yog li ua ntej koj yog phau ntawv kim tshaj plaws ntawm USSR.

Lub neej kev tshaj tawm ntawm Trotsky, Zinoviev, Bukharin, nrog rau cov phau ntawv nrog cov duab kos los ntawm lub sijhawm xyoo 1920-50s. Qhov no suav nrog thawj phau ntawv ntawm Soviet science ntawv tseeb, phau ntawv hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog.

Phau ntawv luam tawm txog xyoo 1990 nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm tus sau thiab ib qho me me ncig.