Ntoo carving, contour carving: piav qhia nrog duab, ua haujlwm technology thiab cov khoom tsim nyog

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Artistic woodcarving yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab kos duab. Thaum lub sij hawm keeb kwm ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua, ob peb ntawm nws ntau yam tau tshwm sim. Qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws yog lub tiaj tiaj-loj carving, muab faib ua geometric, embossed, oval nrog kev sib tw thiab hauv ncoo keeb kwm yav dhau thiab contour.

Dab tsi yog cov xov contour?

Ntoo carving hauv contour txheej txheem feem ntau pom ntawm cov khoom ntoo los ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub tebchaws. Lub ornament nyob rau hauv nws yog siv rau saum npoo nrog nyob rau hauv-tob kab. Thoob plaws hauv daim duab, qhov tob thiab qhov dav ntawm cov slots tseem tsis hloov pauv, tab sis yuav txawv nyob ntawm tus tswv lub hom phiaj thiab tus qauv rau planimetric woodcarving. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tob thiab dav ntawm qhov slotted contours muab cov qauv plasticity thiab sophistication. Carving nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem contour zoo nkaus li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag yooj yim thiab yooj yim, txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov duab zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj tsuas yog tom qab tau txais cov txuj ci tsim nyog thiab kawm cov tswv yim ntawm Kudrinskaya.thiab cov txheej txheem geometric.

History

Puas yog contour carving tuaj txog? Ntoo carving nyob rau hauv contour txheej txheem yog xyaum tsis taug qab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm raws li ib tug ywj siab khoom siv tes ua. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lwm daim duab kos duab. Masters ntawm Kudrinsk carving, piv txwv li, sim ua kom tiav qhov sib piv nrog cov nroj tsuag puag ncig, qhia txog qhov tob ntawm contour strokes, hla cov leeg ntawm nplooj, feem ntawm paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov tsiaj, noog thiab ntses. Raws li cov ntoo dawb huv carving, contour carving yog qhov nyuaj heev los ntsib. Nws feem ntau ua ke nrog lwm cov tswv yim.

Tib lub sijhawm, muaj ntau cov haujlwm ntawm pej xeem kos duab nrog kev txawj ua paj paj thiab cov qauv geometric rau planimetric woodcarving. Masters of carpentry, uas ua Yaroslavl spinning log nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, ua ke cov hniav zoo nkauj txiav ntawm ntoo thiab txhua hnub, ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv contour txheej txheem. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm cov duab kos, cov khoom ntoo tsis ntev los no tau pib tinted nyob rau hauv tsaus thiab dub tones, uas cov recesses saib ci dua thiab ntau contrasting.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm keeb kwm dub

Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev kos duab tsis tshua ua yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv contour carving, lossis woodcarving ntawm keeb kwm dub. Nyob rau hauv xws li cov khoom, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov pom ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim attracts: cov kab dawb raug txiav tawm ntawm ib tug dub nto.

Masters hauv cov txheej txheem no feem ntau ua cov phiaj xwm uas tsis sib haum rau cov qauv ntawm contour woodcarving sketches. Feem ntau muaj cov duab nraaj ua rau ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj, uasvim yog kev saws me nyuam ntau zaus ntawm txoj kev carving rau linocut.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, contour carving ntawm lub teeb los yog dub keeb kwm yav dhau yog ib tug ywj siab txheej txheem ntawm artistic ntoo ua nrog zoo nkauj txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws xwb. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob imitation ntawm linocut, cov duab kos tshwj xeeb muab cov duab kos duab kos duab rau cov neeg pib nrog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws.

Ua haujlwm xaj

Contour carving yog ua raws li cov kab recessed txiav nrog chisel, chisel, oblique riam los yog profile cutters. Cov txheej txheem ua nrog semicircular chisels thiab slanting riam yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nthuav qhia.

Tsis zoo li Kudrinskaya los yog geometric carving, pob zeb zoo nkauj cov duab yog uncharacteristic rau contour carving. Vim li no, cov neeg pib siv ntoo yog qhia txog kev txiav.

Ntoo carving muaj ntau theem: npaj lub hauv paus, xaiv ib qho ornament, hloov daim duab kos rau ntoo, txiav ib daim duab, ua tiav cov txheej txheem.

Npaj lub hauv paus

Hardwoods - alder, linden, birch, aspen yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kos duab kos duab. Softwoods yog xyaum tsis siv vim qhov sib txawv hardness ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab pronounced zoo nkauj.

Ib daim ntoo ua homogeneous tab tom npaj rau kev carving. Yog tias xav tau lub teeb tom qab, tom qab ntawd tsob ntoo tau ua tiav nrog lub planer. Tom qab tsaus nti yog ua tiav los ntawm tinting lub workpiece. Yuav kom tau txais qhov ci ntsa iab, ntoo yog coated nrog cov kua roj vanish dub thiab kho nrog polish. Thaum siv cov dyes yooj yim thiab dav - gouache, number case, watercolors, tempera, aniline xim, mordants thiab stains - ntoo yog sab laug matte los yog them nrog lub teeb kua roj vanish thiab polished.

Thaum tsim cov tsoos Yavoriv carving, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntoo ntawm Carpathians tint cov ntoo hauv cov xim sib txawv - tsis yog hauv cov xim dub nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog ntsuab, liab, xim av thiab xiav. Txoj kev no tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab ntawm contour woodcarving.

Rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, cov ntoo dawb yog mounted rau hauv cov tuav lossis workbench clamps. Holders - npaj boards tsau rau ntawm lub workbench thiab tuav lub workpiece.

nkauj xaiv

Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm kev kos duab thiab kos duab ntawm planimetric woodcarving, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv uas nws yuav siv. Lub contours ntawm daim duab yuav tsum tsis tshua meej thiab meej. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab txuas ntxiv, thaum rab riam txav ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug. Daim duab kos kuj yog ua nrog ob kab kos txoj kev ntawm riam.

Stencils rau planimetric ntoo carving rau thawj qhov kev sim hauv kev ntoo yog nthuav tawm hauv kab lus. Raws li lawv tau txais kev txawj ntse, tus tswv tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv.

Tus qauv rau lub teeb tom qab yog pauv nrog cov kab tsaus nti ntawm daim ntawv dawb. Yog tias ntoo yog tinted, ces daim duab kos yog ua tiav nrog gouache dawb ntawm daim ntawv xim.

Daim duab translation

Daim duab raug xa mus rau ib qho ntoo dawb hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov ntawv carbon - dub lossis xim nyob ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov ntoo - lossis cov cwj mem ballpoint yam tsis tau muab tshuaj txhuam los ntawm kev nyem cov contours rau saum npoo ntawm ntoo.

txheej txheem carving

Cov txheej txheem ntoo ntoo yog ua nyob rau hauv ob theem - txiav thiab txiav. Contour woodcarving rau beginners pib nrog ua cov riam raws cov kab ntawm daim duab nrog lub zog thov. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau saum npoo ntawm ntoo, riam yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob rau hauv vertically, tab sis nyob rau ntawm ib tug me ntsis kaum sab xis, uas yog hu ua notching. Tom qab ntawd, lawv pib txiav, hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm riam nyob rau hauv xib-teg ntawm lawv txhais tes: tes yog tilted nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia thiab lub twb txiav contour ntawm tus qauv yog trimmed nrog rau kev siv zog. Vim li ntawd, ib daim duab peb sab ntoo tawm ntawm hauv qab riam.

Cov chips yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov ntoo tom qab riam - qhov no, cov khoom siv yuav tsum huv si, nrog cov txheej txheem nyias thiab meej. Cov straws ntawm ntoo seem nyob rau hauv qhov zawj yog muab tshem tawm nrog ib rab riam los ntawm kev rov ua dua, txiav tob dua.

Kev txiav txim siab

Thaum txiav ib qho contour zawj, lub cuab yeej tuav nrog ob txhais tes: rab riam yog clamped nrog xibtes ntawm ib txhais tes, thiab nws cov hniav yog coj los ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm lwm tus, kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav thiab nres quab yuam.. Feem ntau, contour carving yog ua nrog ib rab riam oblique, tab sis rau ib tug zoo dua thiab ntau refined daim duab, masters qhiasiv semicircular chisels.

Yog tias tsiaj lossis lwm yam khoom zoo nkauj ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntoo carving muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus me me nrog cov npoo sib npaug, ces siv cov chisel semicircular los txiav lawv. Cov cuab yeej yog clamped nyob rau hauv ib lub nrig ntawm ib tug me ntsis kaum sab xis mus rau qhov chaw. Cov ntug ntse yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1-1.5 hli los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kab. Cov hniav nkag mus tob rau hauv ntoo los ntawm ob peb millimeters thiab tig ib ncig ntawm lub axis nrog ib tug du tig ntawm txhuam. Qhov kev txav mus ntxiv mus txog thaum kab kaw. Kev txiav yog ua tib yam nkaus.

Txiav yog ua nrog tib lub cuab yeej lossis nrog txoj kab nqes dua, thim rov qab los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ornament los ntawm ib thiab ib nrab millimeters mus rau sab nraud thiab sib sib zog nqus cov chisel rau hauv ntoo, txiav cov chips nrog ob peb. txav mus los. Nrog lub vojvoog me me ntawm kev sib tw, qhov kev txiav tsis yog ua nrog tag nrho cov hniav ntawm lub chisel, tab sis tsuas yog ib lub ces kaum, thiab lub kaum ob yuav tsum tawm mus. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj los ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov radii nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov chisels. Cov txheej txheem yog indispensable thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tsis tau tsuas yog contour, tab sis kuj ntau complex relief carving.

Thaum tsis muaj cov chisels semicircular, cov ntsiab lus sib npaug hauv cov xov contour yog tsim nrog rab riam zoo tib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias qhov tob ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm cov hniav yog nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub voj voog: qhov me me, lub sharper ntawm cov hniav yuav tsum yog. Oblique riam tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov sib txawvcov lus qhia rau kev tsim ntawm qhov kev npaj ornament.

Txhawm rau kom yooj yim thiab pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntoo planimetric carving, tus tswv tuaj yeem tig cov khoom ua haujlwm sib txawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov ntoo raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov tuav lossis lub tshuab, rov kho dua thiab clamped dua. Sij hawm dhau mus, tus kws ntoo kawm txiav cov lus qhia sib txawv, tsis tas yuav kov lub workpiece thaum ua haujlwm thiab tsis rov kho dua. Vim li no, contour carving yog ua thaum sawv ntsug - txoj hauj lwm no ua rau tus kws ntoo muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua ntawm kev ua thiab ua rau txhua txoj kab txuas ntxiv thiab du, uas yog suav tias yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav zoo ntawm cov qauv kos duab hauv cov txheej txheem no.

Tau cov khoom tiav

Kev sib xyaw hauv cov txheej txheem kev kos duab tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si ntawm qhov tiaj, thiab ntawm cov tinted thiab polished ntoo nto. Hauv qhov thib ob, kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Yog hais tias lub ornament yog carved rau lub teeb ntoo, ces nws yog them nrog pob tshab kua roj vanish, tom qab sib tsoo lub nto nrog nplua xuab zeb. Sanding yuav tsum tau ua raws cov ntoo fibers. Cov khoom tig tau zoo tshaj plaws sanded thiab coated nrog pob tshab kua roj vanish nyob rau hauv lub xeev clamped thaum tig hauv lub tshuab. Raws li, cov khoom tig tsis raug txiav tawm los ntawm cov ntoo ua haujlwm, tab sis raug tshem tawm, npog nrog cov xov thiab rov khi rau hauv lub tshuab, tom qab uas nws tiav lawm, qhuav thiab tsuas yog txiav tawm.

hom tiav yog xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom ntoo. Qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem ua varnished rau gloss lossis nyob twj ywm matte nrogthov diluted kua roj vanish rau cov xov nrog ib tug tawv txhuam. Lub hauv paus ntawm contour carving ua ntej varnishing nrog pob tshab compositions yuav tinted nyob rau hauv txawv xim los ntawm painting tsuas yog tom qab los yog lub keeb kwm yav dhau nrog cais, feem ntau nyob rau hauv-tob kab. Lacquer tsuas yog siv rau ua tib zoo qhuav ntoo nto.

pib woodworkers ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm contour carving ntawm cov laug cam. Thaum koj tau txais kev paub dhau los thiab txhim kho koj cov kev txawj ntse, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv ntau dua: rooj tog, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab khoom siv hauv tsev. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, contour carving tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si raws li cov txheej txheem ywj pheej, thiab ua ib qho kev kos duab ntxiv, ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej txheem ntoo. Contour carving tso cai rau koj los ua kom maj mam thiab zoo nkauj ornaments nyob rau hauv ntau yam style.