Digital suab: ua rau, hom thiab txoj hauv kev kom tshem tawm

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tso cai rau tib neeg kom txaus siab rau cov duab thiab cov duab uas, qhov tseeb, tsis txawv ntawm qhov tseeb. Lawv zoo kawg nkaus qhia tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim, lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, plooj, ua pob thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Tab sis qee zaum, thaum koj thaij duab nrog lub koob yees duab tshiab, zoo, koj tau txais daim duab nrog lub suab nrov. Yuav ua li cas rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no thiab yuav ua li cas nrog nws?

Qhov no yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej peb pib piav qhia qee yam tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb kev yees duab hauv cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, cia peb ua kom yooj yim txoj haujlwm me ntsis. Nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas ua ntej (ua ntej lub advent ntawm satellite tais diav uas qhia peb "tsis muaj teeb liab") untuned channel zoo li. Tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsuam tau sau nrog ib hom "dawb suab", lub thiaj li hu ua nthwv dej, uas tsis hloov mus rau hauv cov duab, tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug chaotic yam. Lawv feem ntau yog cov xim dub thiab dawb, thiab yog tias koj kho qhov ntim hauv cov suab nrov, koj tuaj yeem hnov cov yam ntxwv suab. Cov suab nrov digital yog qhov tshwm sim no hu ua,nws cov hauv paus hniav nqis los rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm photons, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Ib qho tsis xws luag tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab. Feem ntau peb tau pom cov duab uas yog tag nrho lossis ib nrab npog nrog "cov xuab zeb zoo" - dots ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab xim sib txawv. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsis phim lub palette ntawm daim duab, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li tawm tsam. Cov kws yees duab, txawm tias qhov kev txhim kho tshiab tshaj plaws hauv cov thev naus laus zis, tseem ntsib cov suab nrov digital.

Zaj duab xis thiab digital

Cia peb rov qab mus rau tiam 20 ib pliag. Tom qab ntawd peb txhaj rau zaj duab xis "xiav tshuaj ntxuav tais diav" thiab "reflex lub koob yees duab", tom qab ntawd cov duab tau tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj, thiab qhov tshwm sim zoo li graininess yog qhov ntau heev. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov gradation - qhov loj dua daim duab, ntau "xuab zeb" hauv nws, uas cuam tshuam lub qhov muag ntawm daim duab loj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tib neeg tau txaus siab rau qhov no, vim hais tias, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev yees duab yog ib tug breakthrough. Thaum lub sij hawm, txhua yam pib hloov. Fine-grained films tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, uas muaj lub teeb rhiab heev, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm visually txo cov suab nrov. Peb kuj tau tawm tsam qhov tshwm sim no los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov duab, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis xws luag. Lub advent ntawm lub koob yees duab digital tsis daws qhov teeb meem. Nws tau muab tawm tias nws tsis yog zaj duab xis uas tau liam rau qhov kev sib txawv no, tab sis cov photons uas tau thim rov qab thiab txhais tau tias "poob" ntawm daim duab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev chaotic.

Ntau yam

Muaj ob homfaib cov suab nrov digital thaum nws los txog rau cov koob yees duab niaj hnub. Nov yog thawj tus:

• Ntawm. Pom zoo li ib qho chaw sib xws ntawm qhov loj me, xim thiab cov duab, uas muaj nyob hauv txhua daim duab hauv ib qho chaw. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog "kub" lossis "tawg" pixels uas koj muaj hauv koj lub koob yees duab. Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntev raug, thaum lub cuab yeej overheats.
• Random. Nws zoo li txawv hauv txhua daim duab tshiab. Cov dots muaj qhov sib txawv, xim, thiab ib txwm tawg mus rau hauv txoj kev tshiab hauv daim duab. Cov suab nrov zoo li no tau pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw dawb - tawv nqaij, ntuj, ntaub, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li, cov kws yees duab faib qhov tsis xws luag raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv:

• Luminance nrov - tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inconspicuous dub dots thiab yog randomly tawg mus thoob plaws hauv daim duab. Ua rau kuv nco txog tib zaj yeeb yaj kiab.
• Chromatic suab yog qhov kaj ntawm cov xim uas txawv ntawm daim duab palette. Nws ntes lub qhov muag thiab rhuav tshem tag nrho daim duab.

Yog vim li cas thiaj pom

Nws tsis txaus kom paub yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov suab nrov digital, koj yuav tsum xub paub koj tus kheej nrog qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws cov tsos. Nov yog qee qhov laj thawj uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tsis xws luag:

• Qhov me me ntawm cov duab thaij duab, ua ke nrog kev daws teeb meem siab, ua kom lub suab nrov rau ib qho matrix. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob caum pixels, zoo dua kom paub tseeb tias lawv cov yam ntxwv sib haum mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub lens.
• ISO, lossis sensor rhiab heev. Nws siab duaqhov ntau yuav tau txais cov duab nrov. Thaum xub thawj, paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev lees paub ISO rau koj lub koob yees duab, thiab tom qab ntawd kho nws tus kheej.
• Qhia. Lub sijhawm ntev, qhov ntau lub cuab yeej ua kom sov, yog li, cuam tshuam tshwm sim.

Tam sim no peb los rau lo lus nug tseem ceeb: yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov suab nrov digital? Cov txheej txheem no tau muab faib ua ob theem: lub suab nrov yog nruab nrab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm daim duab thiab tom qab ntawd "overwritten" los yog suppressed thaum kho.

Nws yog qhov zoo dua los daws cov teeb meem ntawm hom no ua ntej, vim tias tom qab ntawm daim duab tiav, txawm tias nws yuav ua tiav li cas, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov tsis xws luag. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej thaij duab, ua tib zoo npaj rau txheej txheem.

• Txo cov duab rhiab heev - ISO.
• Slow down shutter speed.
• nthuav dav aperture ntawm lub lens.
• Siv teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv, zoo li lub teeb.
• Yuav luag txhua lub koob yees duab muaj qhov "tso suab nrov" ua haujlwm. Nws hloov kho rau ISO thiab lub sijhawm raug koj teeb tsa thiab ntxuav cov duab kom ntau li ntau tau, tshem tawm txhua qhov tsis tsim nyog thiab cov dots ntawm lawv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub siab heev thiab shutter speeds, lub tshuab no tej zaum yuav ineffective. Nws tsuas yog ib nrab ntxuav cov duab, thiab tib lub sijhawm qee qhov "echoes" ntawm lub suab yuav tseem nyob.
• Peb tua hauv RAW hom. Qhov tseeb yog tias hom ntawv no muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog daim duab, yog li ntawd, nrog kev kho ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm txhua qhov yuam kev ntau dua.

theem 2

Tom ntej no los ntawm kev tawm tsam cov suab nrov digital nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws kho tshwj xeeb thiab cov plug-ins uas tau teeb tsa hauv cov haujlwm. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov kws tshaj lij tau kawm ntev los daws qhov teeb meem no. Cia peb kawm seb lawv ua li cas.

• Koj tuaj yeem tshem cov suab nrov nrog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm "Photoshop" tus qauv lossis Adobe Photoshop Lightroom.
• Muaj qee qhov macros lossis kev ua haujlwm uas tau siv ua ke nrog "Photoshop" Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv cov suab nrov digital thiab ntxuav cov duab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam.
• Muaj ntau lub plugins uas tseem tsim tshwj xeeb los daws cov teeb meem no. Cov no yog Akvis Noise Buster, Noise Ninja, Neat Image thiab ntau ntxiv.
• Siv RAW file converter. Muaj ntau yam cuab yeej ntxiv uas txo cov suab nrov, xws li Adobe Camera Raw.
• Cov suab nrov tseem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txo cov duab daws teeb meem tom qab nws tau ua tiav lawm. Qhov tseeb, tom qab resizing, qhov loj ntawm lub suab nrov tseem zoo ib yam, tsuas yog tam sim no nws dhau los ua tsis tshua pom, vim tias daim duab tsis muaj qhov kev daws teeb meem siab lawm.

Kev yees duab thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Nws paub zoo tias qhov pom kev zoo siab uas peb thaij duab "pom" ntau dua li tib neeg lub qhov muag. Pom zoo tias thaum saib toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj, koj pom txhua yam kom meej (los ntawm kojpoint of view), tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, gradation, daim duab tsuas yog zoo meej. Koj xav ntes nws nrog lub koob yees duab, thiab koj twb pom cov suab nrov hauv daim duab tiav - lawv mus txog qhov ntawd li cas? Yog lawm, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog lub suab nrov tsis tu ncua, ces nws yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem, tab sis thaum daim duab yog strewn nrog "xuab zeb", thiab txawm ntau xim, cov lus nug tshwm sim: nws yog dab tsi?

Qhov tseeb yog tias photons pheej " ya" nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm peb, uas peb tsuas tsis pom. Lub lens rhiab heev "nqus" lawv thiab qhia lawv ntawm daim duab. Yog tias koj tig lub teeb, cov photons yuav pom tsawg dua - lawv yuav teeb thiab cov duab yuav pom tseeb raws li koj pom. Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho cov dag - tsuas yog lub koob yees duab pom me ntsis ntau dua koj thiab kuv.

Zaj lus

Yuav kom koj cov duab kom meej meej, ci ntsa iab thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag raws li qhov ua tau, teeb tsa koj lub koob yees duab ua ntej tua thiab ua tib zoo kho cov kev txhaj tshuaj tiav. Muaj ntau ntau cov kev pab cuam thiab teeb tsa, tau siv rau ib qho ntawm lawv - thiab koj tuaj yeem nqa cov duab zoo kawg nkaus hauv ntiaj teb uas txhua tus yuav nyiam thiab txaus siab.