Polevoi Nikolai Alekseevich: biography, ua hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy yog tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab ua yeeb yam. Nws kuj raug hu ua ib tug neeg sau ntawv thuam, sau xov xwm, tus txhais lus thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug keeb kwm. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov ideologists ntawm "thib peb cuab yeej cuab tam". Nws yog tus tij laug ntawm tus thuam Xenophon Polevoy thiab tus kws sau ntawv Ekaterina Avdeeva, leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Soviet Pyotr Polevoy.

Tus sau phau ntawv keeb kwm

Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy yug hauv 1796. Nws yug hauv Irkutsk. Nws loj hlob hauv ib tsev neeg ua lag luam muaj nyiaj. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias nws tau los ua ib tug thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg sau xov xwm uas yeej tsis hnov qab txog nws keeb kwm, lossi qhia txog cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv no nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

Nws tau txais nws txoj kev kawm thawj zaug los ntawm cov kws qhia hauv tsev. Nws pib sau ntawv rau Russky Vestnik magazine hauv 1817. Los ntawm 1820 nws thaum kawg tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws nyob mus txog rau 1836. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy tsiv mus rau St. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws ib txwm tso nws tus kheej ua tus sawv cev ntawm cov neeg nyob hauvntaub ntawv.

Journalism

Thaum 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nws tau luam tawm ntau hauv "Northern Archive", "Notes of the Fatherland", "Son of the Fatherland", lub almanac "Mnemosyne". Tsuas yog lub sijhawm ntawd, lo lus "kev sau xov xwm" tau tshwm sim, uas Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy nws tus kheej tau ceev faj.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau xyoo ntawd nws tau ntseeg tias tsuas yog cov nom tswv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov tsos ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm chav kawm ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab thuam.

Moscow Telegraph

Los ntawm 1825, Polevoy pib tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm Moscow Telegraph, uas muaj kev ncig loj. Hauv tsab ntawv no, nws kuj tau luam tawm nws cov ntawv keeb kwm, ntawv nyeem thiab ethnography. Tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws hais txog lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub lag luam, nrog rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam nyob rau hauv niaj hnub txoj hmoo ntawm Russia. Feem ntau nws tau tawm tsam kev sau ntawv ntawm cov nom tswv, thuam lawv rau kev cais tawm ntawm cov neeg thiab tsis paub txog lawv cov kev xav tau thiab teeb meem.

Qhov tseeb nthuav tawm los ntawm lub neej ntawm Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy yog tias nws phau ntawv xov xwm raug kaw hauv 1834 los ntawm tus kheej txiav txim ntawm Emperor Nicholas I. Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb ntawm Puppeteer qhov kev ua si hu ua "Lub Tes ntawm Tus Muaj Hwjchim Loj Kawg Nkaus. Fatherland."

Kev ua haujlwm hauv St. Petersburg

Tom qab kev thuam nrog kev kaw cov ntawv xov xwm, Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy, uas nws biography tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, tawm mus rau St. tshwm sim ntawm nokev hloov kho ntawm tus kheej txoj kev xav - vim li ntawd, tus neeg sau xov xwm hloov nws txoj kev ntseeg rau cov neeg ncaj ncees. Nws pib luam tawm ib phau ntawv xyoo hu ua "Picturesque Review of Memorable Objects from the Sciences, Arts, Arts, Industry and Community". Nws sau rau "Northern Bee" thiab kho "Tub Leej Txiv" tau ntau xyoo.

Nws txoj haujlwm tshiab yog cov ntawv xov xwm "Lavxias teb sab Messenger", uas txij li xyoo 1841 tau pib luam tawm ib hlis ib zaug. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1845, nws tau pom zoo nrog tus editor Andrei Kraevsky ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Literaturnaya Gazeta. Nws tau them nyiaj ntau rau cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb, nws tau tawm tsam Belinsky.

Polevoi nws tus kheej tau raug thuam thiab txawm tias parodied ntau dua ib zaug. Nws raug thuam vim nws khav theeb thiab nws nquag siv lus stilted.

Kev mob nkeeg thiab kev tuag

Xyoo 1846 Polevoy tuag. Nws tsuas muaj 49 xyoo xwb. Nws tuag vim mob npaws, uas yog provoked los ntawm kev kaw ntawm nws tus tub nyob rau hauv lub Shlisselburg fortress. Cov tub ntxhais kawm Nyctopolis raug ntes los ntawm tsarist cov tub ceev xwm thaum sim hla ciam teb yam tsis tau tso cai.

Polevoi raug faus rau ntawm Hma Cemetery. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj, uas nws lub ntxa yog nyob rau hauv uas ib feem ntawm lub tojntxas, uas niaj hnub no hu ua Literary choj. Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug Pyotr Vyazemsky, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ntees tuag, sau tseg tias muaj coob tus neeg tau sau - Polevoy yog heev nrov.

Raws li cov dab neeg, Polevoi tau pw hauv lub hleb nrog lub hwj txwv tsis muaj shaven thiab hnav khaub ncaws hnav. Casehais tias tom qab nws tuag nws tsev neeg tseem nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj nyiaj txiag teeb meem, tus hero ntawm peb tsab xov xwm muaj ib tug poj niam thiab cuaj cov me nyuam. Nws tshuav txog 60,000 rubles nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis thiab tsis muaj nyiaj khaws cia. Tsev neeg tau txais nyiaj laus ntawm 1,000 rubles.

Belinsky, uas feem ntau sib cav nrog Polevoy, thaum lees paub nws qhov txiaj ntsig hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam nws txaus siab rau nws ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Raznochinsk intelligentsia, uas tswj coj nws qhov chaw tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis ntev tom qab kev tuag ntawm Polevoy txoj haujlwm, lawv tsis nco qab thiab tso tseg nws.

Kev sau ntawv

Nyob hauv nws phau ntawv, Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy feem ntau txhawb kev zoo nkauj ntawm romanticism, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm nws cov dab neeg "Tus neeg pleev kob", "Lub Bliss of Madness", "Emma". Polevoi yog ib tug kws sau ntawv-lus dab neeg classic, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov haujlwm yog cov teeb meem hauv chav kawm uas tshwm sim thaum cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv sib cav nrog cov khoom plig raznochintsy.

Standard Polevoy tus phab ej yog ib tus neeg sawv cev dawb huv ntawm bourgeoisie lossis philistinism, feem ntau kuj yog ib tug devout uas yuav tau ntsib kev thim rov qab ntawm nws ib puag ncig thiab kev nqaim ntawm kev pom. Aristocrats feem ntau yog piav raws li egotists tsis ncaj ncees uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg, sim zais lawv sab hauv qhov tsis muaj qab hau zoo nkauj thiab pom zoo.

Plays and satire

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy feem ntau tig mus rau cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm. Nws cwj mem belongs rau40 ua si. Nws feem ntau sau txog cov npe nrov hauv tsev thiab cov xwm txheej, uas tau nrov heev hauv tebchaws Russia thaum lub sijhawm kav Nicholas I.

Nyob rau hauv lub satirical ntxiv rau Moscow Telegraph, tus hero ntawm peb tsab xov xwm nrhiav mus txuas ntxiv cov kab lig kev cai ntawm satire nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov hauj lwm satirical yog kev txhob txwm tsis lees paub ntawm hyperbole thiab exaggeration nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm lwm yam striking artistic txhais tau tias.

Tseem Polevoy tau txhais ntau yam. Piv txwv li, ua tsaug rau nws, cov neeg nyeem Lavxias tau paub txog Gauf cov dab neeg. Xyoo 1837, nws tau tso tawm ib qho kev txhais lus dawb dawb ntawm Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet.

Keeb kwm ua haujlwm

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy "Keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias" tau paub dav. Nws sau nws tawm tsam lub tswv yim ntawm Karamzin, uas tau nthuav tawm keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws raws li keeb kwm ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm nws cov thawj coj loj. Polevoi coj tib neeg mus rau thawj txoj haujlwm.

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm no, nws sim nrhiav ib tug neeg pib nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej xwm tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, txav deb ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tub rog cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, Polevoy's "History" tau pom los ntawm ntau tus neeg tsis muaj zog ntawm Karamzin, nws raug thuam. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias thaum xub thawj tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm nrhiav los sau 12 ntim, zoo li Karamzin. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau yam teeb meem, suav nrog tus kheej, nws tswj tau luam tawm tsuas yog rau lub ntim. Cov subscription yogmuag tawm, ua rau muaj kev dag ntxias thiab thov nyiaj txiag.

Dhau li ntawm, qhov kawg ntim tau dhau los ua tsis txaus ntseeg li thawj ob - nws pom tau tias tus sau tau ua haujlwm nrawm, feem ntau straying rau hauv banal retelling ntawm nom tswv lus qhuab qhia. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntim, nws tau tswj los qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev ua ntej kev ntes ntawm Kazan los ntawm Ivan the Terrible.

Dhau li ntawm lub voj voog no, Polevoy tau sau ntau cov ntawv rau ntau tus neeg nyeem. Piv txwv li, nws tau hais tawm nrog kev tsis lees paub txog keeb kwm thiab haiv neeg kev sib raug zoo ntawm Me Me Lavxias nrog cov neeg Lavxias loj, raws li qhov kev thov kom lees paub tias Me Me Russia tsis yog ib feem ntawm Russia, raws li Karamzin hais rau qhov no.