Tus Sau Danilevsky Grigory Petrovich: biography, npe ntawm phau ntawv thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky yog tus kws sau ntawv zoo hauv tsev. Kev muaj koob meej tuaj rau nws ua tsaug rau cov dab neeg uas tau mob siab rau Lavxias keeb kwm ntawm XVIII-XIX centuries. Txij li thaum xyoo 1881, ua tus thawj tswj hwm, nws tau ua tus thawj coj hauv phau ntawv xov xwm "Tsoomfwv Xov Xwm", muaj qib ntawm Privy Councilor.

A neeg sau ntawv tsev neeg

YGrigory Petrovich Danilevsky yug hauv 1829. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ntawm Danilovka, nyob rau hauv lub Izyum koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Sloboda-Ukrainian xeev. Niaj hnub no nws yog thaj chaw ntawm cheeb tsam Kharkiv.

Leej txiv ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm yog ib tus tswv av nplua nuj thiab muaj nyiaj. Nws lub npe yog Peter Ivanovich, nws sawv mus rau qib lieutenant nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, thiab ces so. Nws tuag xyoo 1839 thaum nws tus tub muaj kaum xyoo.

Muaj ib tsev neeg kev lig kev cai hauv tsev neeg Danilevsky, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau lees paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev. Nws tau hais tias tus tsim ntawm lawv tsev neeg Danila Danilov nyob rau hauv 1709 tau txais kev qhuas ntawm Emperor Peter I nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev, tus kav tsuas yog rov qab los rau Poltava los ntawm Azov. Nws tau hais tias tus huab tais nyiam Danilov, nws sai sai nce tus ntaiv haujlwm.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias hauv tsev neeg ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky yog lwm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo. Nws tus kwv tij Efrosinya Osipovna los ua Vladimir Mayakovsky tus pog yav tom ntej.

Kev Kawm

Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky thawj zaug kawm ntawm lub koom haum noble nyob rau hauv Moscow (mus txog 1846), thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ntawm txoj cai department. Nws txiv ib txwm xav kom nws tau ib txoj haujlwm ruaj khov uas yuav ua rau cov nyiaj tau los tsis tu ncua.

Muaj ntau qhov tseeb nthuav thiab xav paub hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky. Muaj tseeb tiag, ib tug ntawm lawv yuav luag tag nrog kev xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv 1849, nws tau yuam kev raug ntes es tsis txhob Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevsky thiab coj mus rau kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Petrashevsky, uas yog ib tug txhawb nqa ntawm lub revolutionary tawm tsam, yuav mus cob qhia pawg neeg rau nws. Petrashevsky thiab 20 lwm tus neeg, suav nrog Fyodor Dostoevsky, raug txiav txim tuag, uas tau hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm dhau los nrog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj tsis tu ncua.

Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau raug kaw nyob ib leeg hauv Peter thiab Paul Fortress tau ntau lub hlis. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd qhov yuam kev tsis zoo raug txheeb xyuas thiab tso tus tub ntxhais kawm tawm. Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevsky, uas tau txuas nrog Petrashevsky tiag tiag, tau siv sijhawm 100 hnub hauv tsev lojcuj, tom qab ntawd nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm St. Petersburg.

Grigory Petrovich xyoo 1850 tau txais txiaj ntsig nyiaj rau kev sau ntawv "Ntawm Pushkin thiab Krylov", chav kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siabkawm tiav PhD hauv Law.

Kev ua hauj lwm qhuab qhia

Cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky tau nthuav dav hauv kab lus no. Tam sim ntawd tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, nws nkag mus rau qhov kev pabcuam ntawm Ministry of Public Education. Nws ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, feem ntau mus ncig ua lag luam mus rau yav qab teb cov tsev teev ntuj mus ua haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Xyoo 1856, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich xa nws, nrog rau lwm tus kws sau ntawv (Danilevsky cov txuj ci kev sau ntawv twb tau pib txaus siab rau lub sijhawm ntawd), mus kawm rau sab nrauv ntawm Russia. Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau muab lub luag haujlwm los piav txog lub qhov ncauj ntawm Don thiab lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Azov.

Resign

Danilevsky so haujlwm thaum ntxov, xyoo 1857. Nws txiav txim siab mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau kev muaj tswv yim, cov ntaub ntawv nws nyiam heev. Nws nyob hauv nws thaj av hauv thaj tsam ntawm Mev Russia.

Tam sim no, nws nquag ua haujlwm hauv zej zog. Nyob rau hauv particular, nws tuav lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus lwm thawj ntawm lub Kharkov Committee rau kev txhim kho lub neej ntawm tus tswv tsev Peasants. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv council, ib lub xeev cov lus, nws thiaj li yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Kharkov xeev zemstvo council. Nws kuj yog ib qho kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, kev kawm kev cai lij choj uas nws tau txais thiab kev hwm nws nyiam ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws ua lub luag haujlwm. Ua ke nrog Zemstvo deputies, nws pheej rov mus rau St. Petersburg sawv cev rau cov kev txaus siab ntawm lawv lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv 1962, ib tug monument raug tsa rau nws nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeg lub zos Danilovka, raws li ib tug token ntawm kev ris txiaj rau txhua yam nws ua rau nws haiv neeg.

Ua haujlwm hauv "Gazette Gazette"

In 1868 Danilevskynkag mus rau cov kws lij choj ntawm txoj cai lij choj los ntawm Kharkov koog tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis sai sai no tawm txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom tag nrho mloog zoo rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv Bulletin. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib tug pab rau tus editor-in-chief, thiab txij li thaum 1881 nws tau ua tus thawj coj tshaj tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj rau Xov Xwm.

"Tsoomfwv Bulletin" - cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub uas tau luam tawm hauv St. Petersburg los ntawm 1869 txog 1917. Nws yog tsoom fwv tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv lub Main Directorate rau Xovxwm Affairs. Lub tswv yim ntawm nws lub hauv paus belongs rau Minister of Internal Affairs Alexander Timashev.

Danilevsky tuaj rau Tsoom Fwv Gazette los pab tus kws kho mob-tus thawj coj Vasily Grigoriev, uas yog Russia tus thawj censor rau rau xyoo. Tom qab nws, kev tshaj tawm tau coj los ntawm Petr Kapnist, thiab tom qab ntawd Sergey Sushkov.

Danilevsky ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj saib xyuas kom txog thaum nws tuag (txog xyoo 1890), Sergey Tatishchev hloov nws hauv tsab ntawv no.

Danilevsky tuag hauv St. Petersburg thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 1890. Rau 26 xyoo dhau los nws tau nyob hauv lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv Nevsky Prospekt. Nws raug faus rau hauv nws lub tebchaws me me. Tam sim no nws lub ntxa nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub zos ntawm Prishib hauv cheeb tsam Kharkiv.

Creative biography

Cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky tau txuas nrog cov phau ntawv. Nws pib nws txoj haujlwm sau ntawv los ntawm kev sau paj huam thaum nws muaj 17 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1849, nyob rau hauv lub "Library rau Kev Nyeem Ntawv", tus tub ntxhais sau ntawv muaj peev xwm luam tawm ib zaj paj huam hu ua "Gvaya-Llyr",uas tham txog Mev lub neej. Nws tau txais kev sov siab los ntawm cov neeg thuam, tom qab ntawd Danilevsky tau los ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Senkovsky cov ntawv xov xwm, uas nws tau ua nws thawj zaug.

Xyoo 1851, Danilevsky tau ntsib nws tus mlom Nikolai Gogol. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv 42 xyoo twb tau luam tawm Dead Souls thiab ntau yam ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nto moo. Danilevsky thaum xub thawj coj nws ntau txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas nws sau ntawv romantic:

• "Ukrainian fairy tales", uas mus dhau yim reprints,
• voj voog ntawm cov paj huam "Crimean Poems".

Txhais Shakespeare, Mickiewicz thiab Byron.

Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky yog tus sau zaj dab neeg ntawm haiv neeg uas qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Mev Russia. Los ntawm 1854, nws sau lawv mus rau hauv ib phau ntawv, uas nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Slobozhane".

Runaway in Novorossiya

Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau tswj hwm kom nyiam hauv xyoo 1862. Nws yog thaum ntawd tus tshiab los ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky "Lub Runaways nyob rau hauv Novorossia" tau luam tawm. Phau ntawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv luam nyob rau hauv lub npe pseudonym A. Skavronsky.

Cov ntawv tshiab nthuav tawm zaj dab neeg zoo siab txog yav dhau los serfs uas pom lub neej tshiab nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Russia, hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv Hiav Txwv Azov. Ntawm no lawv muaj peev xwm tshem tau kev ua qhev.

Tus sau piav qhia tag nrho cov zos uas nyob ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, thaj av zais cia, xav tau los ntawm cov tswv av qub, lawv cov tswv. Lub novelist nthuav cov neeg nyeem nkag siab txogera ntawm fortification. Phau ntawv no tau sau los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws, tsim los ntawm Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich.

Tom qab thawj qhov kev vam meej tshiab, cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv los ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky tau rov ua dua tshiab: "Cov Runaways Tau Rov Qab" thiab "Qhov Chaw Tshiab". Tom qab so ntawm 7 xyoo, cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tshaj Tawm, tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm sau cov ntawv tshiab Lub Ninth Wave. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws thuam lub mores ntawm Lavxias teb sab monasteries, raws li nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ntau mus txawv tebchaws. Phau ntawv no ua tiav lub npe hu ua kev sib raug zoo niaj hnub ntawm Danilevsky.

Historical fiction

Nyob rau theem tom ntej, Danilevsky tig mus rau keeb kwm tsis tseeb. Xyoo 1878, zaj dab neeg "Potemkin ntawm Danube" tau luam tawm, ua raws li cov dab neeg "Mirovich", "Rau Is Nrias teb hauv Peter".

In 1883 "Princess Tarakanova" los ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky tau luam tawm. Nov yog keeb kwm thiab tib lub sijhawm yog zaj dab neeg kev hlub, uas tau mob siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm tus ntxhais xav txog ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.

Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm vividly thiab vividly piav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais Tarakanova thiab Hetman Oginsky, uas tau cog lus kev hlub thiab kev ncaj ncees rau nws. Tag nrho lub neej ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb muaj kev sib raug zoo romantic thiab kev chim siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tshiab, nws nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog German tus huab tais Limburg thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws Don Juan ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv Russia, Alexei Orlov. Txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig coj nws los rau hauvkev txi, tab sis nws txoj kev hlub thiab kev mob siab rau tsis tuaj yeem ploj mus. Danilevsky coj tus nyeem ntawv mus rau qhov xaus no.

Hlawv Moscow

Hauv xyoo 1886 Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky tau sau cov ntawv tshiab "Burnt Moscow". Phau ntawv no tau mob siab rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Patriotic War ntawm 1812. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho ntawm cov dab neeg tseem ceeb yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Basil Perovsky thiab Aurora, lawv txoj kev npau suav ntawm tsev neeg muaj kev zoo siab raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon.

Ntawm nplooj ntawv tshiab koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov neeg los ntawm cov neeg uas tawm tsam kom tuag nrog yeeb ncuab. Thaum Basile raug ntes, Aurora koom nrog pawg neeg los npaj kev sim tua Napoleon.

In 1888, qhov tshiab "Black Year", tau mob siab rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Yemelyan Pugachev, tau luam tawm.

Russian Dumas

Phau ntawv los ntawm Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky muaj nuj nqis heev. Nws txawm sib tw rau lub unofficial title ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Dumas" nrog Mordovtsev, suav Salias thiab Solovyov. Nyob rau hauv 1866, nws phau ntawv biographical thiab keeb kwm sau ntawv "Ukrainian antiquity" tau luam tawm. Rau nws, tus sau tau txais Uvarov nqi zog.

Txij li xyoo 1876, cov haujlwm tiav ntawm Danilevsky tau dhau los ntawm xya tsab. Muaj tseeb, nws yuav tsum raug lees paub tias txhua zaus nws tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv sau me me.

Creativity scores

Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tus sau, Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky, cov neeg thuam thiab cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no ib txwm tau sau tseg tias nws txoj haujlwm siab tsis ua rau nws mob siab rau cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau nws muaj lub ntsej muag ci.pronounced liberal xim. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub 1870s thiab 1880s, Danilevsky luam tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab xav thiab Vestnik Evropy. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev cia ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tshaj Tawm nws tau mus, ib qho tuaj yeem pom cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau raug thuam nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas.

Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog ib tug tshiab hais txog Mirovich, uas muaj lub npe ua hauj lwm "Lub Royal Prisoner". Hauv nws, thawj zaug, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ivan V, Emperor John Antonovich, uas kav los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 1740 txog Kaum Ib Hlis 1741, tau tshwm sim rau pej xeem. Nws reigned dawb huv nyob rau hauv lub regency ntawm Biron, thiab ces nws niam Anna Leopoldovna. Nws muaj hnub nyoog tsawg dua ib xyoos thaum nws tau tsa lub zwm txwv.

Tom qab ntawd tus huab tais tus me nyuam tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Peter tus ntxhais Elizabeth, nws tau siv sijhawm tag nrho nws lub neej nyob rau hauv ib leeg, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 23 xyoos nws raug tua thaum lwm qhov kev sim tso nws, los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd Catherine II tau kav lub tebchaws.. Ua ntej Danilevsky, cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab cais tawm, nws yog thawj zaug ua rau pej xeem. Censorship txwv phau ntawv no tau 4 xyoos, tab sis thaum nws tawm los, nws yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag.

Danilevsky cov neeg kawm tiav tau lees tias nws cov phau ntawv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, tau nrov nrog cov pej xeem tsis xav tau. Muaj cov haujlwm zoo heev hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm. Ua raws li Jules Verne, nws sau zaj dab neeg "Lub neej nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo", nyob rau hauv uas nws piav txog lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv 1968.centralized dej, hluav taws xob thiab cua sov. Kev ua yeeb yam tau tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj, lub hiav txwv dag tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Sahara, thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv av tau pib ntawm Fabkis thiab Askiv.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Danilevsky tau sib yuav rau Yulia Zamyatina, tus ntxhais ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub vaj tsev nyob ntawm qhov rooj. Lawv sib yuav xyoo 1857.

Lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Alexandra, uas xyoo 1904 tau mus rau Spain kho nws lub ntsws thiab tus tub ceev xwm Rodriguez nyob ntawd. Thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, nws tau paub zoo nrog tus kws sau paj huam Soviet Mikhail Koltsov. Danilevsky tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Elena thiab Yulia ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam lub hom phiaj ntawm Soviet Union.