Khawm-qhov hnyav: qaws, kho kom zoo nkauj thiab amulet. vintage nyees khawm

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Nws nyuaj rau kev xav, tab sis hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb Leej Txiv muaj ib lub sijhawm uas khawm tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua li cov khaub ncaws lawv tus kheej, thiab yog ib qho kev tsim khoom zoo nkauj heev. Thawj fasteners zoo li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb txhiab xyoo BC. Thiab cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab khawm tau paub, raws li archaeological pom, txij li thaum xyoo pua rau. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov nyees khawm-qhov hnyav, lawv keeb kwm, qauv thiab lub ntsiab lus.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Cov nyees khawm zoo li no pom muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw uas ib tus neeg tau ua dhau los lossis nyob. Feem ntau, tau kawg, tau raug khawb hauv cov chaw nyob, qhov chaw me me hlau nyees khawm tuaj yeem pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ze ntawm qhov seem ntawm lub hauv paus qub.

Ancient fittings tau txais lawv lub npe vim lawv cov duab thiab loj loj. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub pob tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau grams. Txhua clasp yog ua los ntawm oblub ntsiab Cheebtsam yog pob ntseg thiab ib tug me me pob qhov rooj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub qe los yog txawm ib tug acorn. Yog li ntawd, hauv qee qhov chaw, cov khoom siv zoo li no qhia txog kev muaj menyuam.

khawm khawm ua haujlwm

Nyob hauv keeb kwm, hom fittings no tau ua ib qho cim qhia. Rau cov khaub ncaws thaum ub ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg uas tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub hwj chim, cov nyees khawm tau siv. Los ntawm cov qaws zoo li no, nws tau txiav txim ncaj qha rau qeb twg thiab lub xeev lub koom haum twg nws cov neeg hnav koom nrog.

Thaum lub sijhawm kav Nicholas kuv, cov nyees khawm tshwj xeeb tau qhia. Xws li fasteners tau pom txawv thiab muaj lawv tus kheej hom rau txhua pawg: los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cim tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no: ntoo ntoo ntoo - lub npe ntawm tus neeg hav zoov, lub thauj tog rau nkoj - lub cim ntawm lub nkoj, thiab lwm yam.

Leej twg muaj cov nyees khawm

Cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim los kuj muaj lawv tus kheej cov cim tshwj xeeb. Cov nyees khawm ua los ntawm cov hlau zoo nkauj tau sewn rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Tin, bronze, tooj liab thiab tooj dag nyees khawm tau siv rau cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub rog zoo tib yam. Cov thawj coj hauv kev ua tub rog hnav cov nyees khawm nrog tus dav dawb hau, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe siv cov hlua khi nrog lub kaus mom sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv.

Magic Meaning

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, tsis tshua muaj leej twg nco txog thiab nkag siab tias yav dhau los ntoo, tin lossis nyiaj khawm-qhov hnyav yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab tseem ceeb uas tau siv los ua kom muaj kev phem phem. Raws li kev txiav txim ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, lub rooj vagTxhua yam ntawm cov khaub ncaws - ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm mysticism, vim hais tias cov feem ntau yooj yim mus rau lub siab phem ntsuj plig raug suav hais tias yog qhib qhov chaw ntawm lub cev - ob txhais tes, caj dab thiab lub ntsej muag. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, thawj fasteners tau sewn rau ntawm dab tshos thiab lub tes tsho, thiab kuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv ntxim nyiam uas tau siv los hem cov dab phem.

Qhov tseeb, cov nyees khawm Lavxias thaum ub-qhov hnyav uas adorned lub tsho dab tshos yog ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological heev. Feem ntau, muaj cov cim ntawm lub hnub - ib tug kauv los yog ib lub voj voog, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug taw tes nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Cov cim ntawm thaj av thiab thaj av ua liaj ua teb tsis tshua muaj ntau.

Qhov khawv koob ntawm lub pob tau txiav txim siab los ntawm peb yam:

• kos duab, piv txwv li, qauv, thiab lwm yam;
• txoj kev thiab cov qauv ntawm cov fasteners (piv txwv li, cov duab ntawm lub qe, uas yog suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm fertility);
• xim fittings.

Kaw Symbols

Ntau zaus ntawm cov khoom hnyav-qhov hnyav xws li cov khoom siv tau pom - lub voj voog thiab cov voj voog sib npaug sib npaug ntawm nws, hexagram, taw tes lossis ob peb lub ntsiab lus siv ib txhij, square, daim duab peb sab, paj paj. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm geometrically raug cov cim thiab motifs, zoo li daim duab peb sab, lub voj voog thiab tus ntoo khaub lig, hloov mus ua tib yam rau ntau haiv neeg: luminary, lub neej, hluav taws thiab lub ntiaj teb. Cov cim no muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Cia peb xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lwm cov cim uas yav tas los siv rau cov pob ntoo, hlau thiab pob txha.

1. Ib kauv lossis lub voj voog nrog ib qho chaw nyob nruab nrab yog lub cim feem ntau ntawm lub hnub. Qhov no yog to taub: hnub ci tsav lub zog ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj. Lub voj voog yog lub cim qhia ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom siab thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb, qhov tseeb thiab zoo tag nrho.
2. Daim duab peb sab qhia txog kev yug, lub neej thiab kev tuag, nrog rau qhov pib, nruab nrab thiab qhov kawg ntawm ib yam dab tsi. Qee qhov xwm txheej, lub cim no txhais tau tias yog triune pib ntawm tus neeg: sab ntsuj plig, lub cev thiab lub hlwb.
3. Cross fittings - symbolically denotes lub cardinal cov lus qhia, plaub yam ntawm xwm.
4. Lub hnub qub tsib-taw yog suav tias yog ib qho khoom muaj zog ntawm kev nplua nuj. Qhov dawb ceev thiab rau ntau tus lej muaj hmoo tsib yog qhia los ntawm lub cim ntawm kev ua tiav (ib tug neeg muaj tsib lub cev nqaij daim tawv, tsib ntiv tes ntawm txhua tus ceg, thiab lwm yam).
5. Lub hexagon lossis hexagram, niaj hnub no hu ua "lub hnub qub ntawm David", yog lub cim ntawm kev zoo tag nrho, txij li lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig tau tsim los ntawm Vajtswv hauv rau hnub.

Keeb kwm ntawm qhov hnyav khawm

Cov clasps nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov hnyav yog ib qho yooj yim nrhiav tau rau medieval Lavxias teb sab chaw. Cov accessories yog sewn tom qab lub eyelet mus rau ib sab ntawm lub tsoos tsho, nyob rau lwm sab ntawm lub outfits muaj ib lub voj ntawm braided. Lub luj khawm tau threaded rau hauv lub voj, thiab qhov kev sib txuas yog li zoo ruaj. Tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb los fasten lawv robes. Tab sis muaj ib qho txawv: ib lub pob ntawm cov xov los yog ib pob yog knitted li khawm.

Khawm-qhov hnyav ntawm tib hom thiab qhov loj me muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab. Thiab hauvlub nroog Volga ntawm Bolgar, thiab hauv Saray-Berk, cov xwm txheej ntawm kev nrhiav cov fittings no kuj tau sau tseg. Yeej, cov nyees khawm muaj ib tug kheej kheej. Tag nrho cov clasps hnub no feem ntau yog los ntawm 14th thiab 15th centuries.

khawm khoom

Feem ntau, cov khoom siv tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb ntawm kub, nyiaj, tin thiab tooj liab alloys, ntuj pob txha, ntoo, uas tuaj yeem npog nrog ntaub. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv tawv, niam-ntawm-pearl, pearls, ornamental thiab precious pob zeb, siv lead ua thiab iav yog tsis tshua muaj.

Nyhav nyees khawm hauv archaeological pom yog dominated los ntawm bronze thiab tooj liab, tab sis muaj ntau historians ntseeg hais tias xws li hlau yog tsuas zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov nyees khawm muaj ntau dua, ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim improvised, xws li pob txha lossis ntoo. Qee zaum muaj qhov hnyav uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tassels thiab lwm yam khoom zoo nkauj. Feem ntau ntawm qhov pom yog cov nyees khawm cam khwb cia, uas yog ua los ntawm tooj liab alloys thiab sib tov ntawm tin thiab txhuas. Ntau cov nyees khawm hnyav yog engraved nrog cov qauv geometric. Cov kev tshawb pom archaeological yog dominates bronze thiab tooj liab fittings, uas yog heev khaws cia nyob rau hauv av.

Khawm Patch Nta

Thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej Petrine Russia, fasteners ntawm cov khaub ncaws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo li "daim npav mus ntsib" ntawm lawv tus tswv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nyees khawm, cov duab, cov cim thiab cov qauv siv rau lawv tuaj yeem qhia txog txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg, txog nws qhov zoo, qhov sib thooj rauntau zog. Txhua lub ris tsho yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem nruj me ntsis:

• 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 lossis 19 nyees khawm tau sewn rau ntev-skirted outerwear;
• rau lub caij ntuj no cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov plaub hau ntuj - 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 lossis ntau dua khawm ib ceg.

Lub crucible yuav tsum muaj coob tus fasteners. Hom khaub ncaws no yog quilted caftan hnav los ntawm cov tub rog.

Tus nqi

Muaj tseeb ntau tus neeg sau tau txaus siab rau tus nqi ntawm cov nyees khawm qub. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hais ib yam dab tsi meej txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj, vim hais tias cov nyees khawm, zoo li npib, muaj ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb, xyoo ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab hom hnyav. Hauv kev txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm lub pob, txhua yam nyob ntawm seb lawv pom ntau npaum li cas, nrog rau kev xav ntawm tus neeg sau khoom los yuav ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb.

Txoj kev fittings tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom:

• Thawj hom yog ib qho yooj yim thiab feem ntau clasps. Hauv 95% ntawm cov xwm txheej, koj tuaj yeem pom cov nyees khawm zoo li no xwb. Distinctive feature: lub hauv paus du los yog lub hauv paus tiaj tus nrog lub voj voos. Cov nyees khawm zoo li no txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab hollow. Tus nqi ntawm cov fasteners tsawg tsawg yog 10-20 rubles ib thooj.
• Hom thib ob ntawm cov nyees khawm muaj cov qauv thiab cov duab, sib cuam tshuam nrog cov pob zeb xim, enamel lossis iav ntsiab. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no yog 100-500 rubles.
• Thib peb - nyees khawm tawm ua ntej 15th-16th caug xyoo. Xws li fasteners tsis tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam, tab sistsuas yog lawv cov qub txeeg qub teg yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg sau khoom. Kwv yees tus nqi 500-2000 rubles.

Hauv kev xaus, nws tsim nyog hais txog kev ntxuav cov nyees khawm tsawg. Txawm hais tias cov khoom ntawm qhov hnyav, lawv tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog xab npum thiab txhuam hniav hauv qab dej kub. Kev ntxuav tshuaj, thiab ntau dua li electrolysis, tsis yog siv kom tsis txhob lwj ntawm cov nyees khawm.