Keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab thiab yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Hnub no peb tsis tuaj yeem xav txog peb lub neej tsis muaj duab. Lawv nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Kev yees duab yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb rau tus neeg niaj hnub no. Tab sis nyob rau ib lub sij hawm lawv tsuas ua npau suav txog nws. Cia peb kawm seb keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab yog dab tsi los ntawm thawj lub tswv yim ntawm engineers mus rau niaj hnub technology.

Txiv neej yeej ib txwm nyiam kev zoo nkauj. Muaj ib hnub nws xav piav nws, muab ib daim ntawv rau nws. Hauv paj huam, tus zoo nkauj coj cov lus, hauv suab paj nruag - suab, thiab painting - duab. Tib yam uas tib neeg ntes tsis tau yog ib pliag. Piv txwv li, mus ntes thunderstorms uas hla saum ntuj, los yog ib tug tawg poob. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub koob yees duab, qhov no thiab ntau ntxiv tau ua tau. Keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho lub koob yees duab suav nrog ntau qhov kev sim tsim cov khoom siv uas sau cov duab. Nws pib ntev dhau los, thaum, thaum kawm optics ntawm lub teeb refraction, cov lej pom tias cov duab tuaj yeem tig rov qab los ntawm kev hla nws los ntawm qhov me me rau hauv chav tsaus. Xav txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab.

Kepler's laws

Koj puas paub thaum twg lub koob yees duab keeb kwm pib? Thawj technologiesuas tom qab ntawd tau siv los tsim cov duab, tau tshwm sim hauv 1604, thaum Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, tsim cov cai ntawm kev xav ntawm lub teeb hauv daim iav. Tom qab ntawd, txoj kev xav ntawm lo ntsiab muag tau ua raws li lawv, raws li Galileo Galilei, tus kws kho mob Italian, tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj lub tsom iav raj rau saib lub cev xilethi-aus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm refraction ntawm rays tau tsim thiab kawm. Nws tseem yuav tau kawm yuav ua li cas sau npe cov duab hauv daim ntawv.

Discovery of Niépce

Yuav luag ob centuries tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tus Fabkis inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce nrhiav tau ib txoj kev rau sau npe ib daim duab. Ntau tus ntseeg tias nws yog los ntawm lub sijhawm no uas keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm lub koob yees duab pib. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev yog los ua lub teeb tuaj nrog asph alt kua roj vanish thiab khaws cia rau ntawm iav nto. Cov kua roj vanish no sawv cev ib yam dab tsi zoo li niaj hnub bitumen, thiab lub iav hu ua lub koob yees duab obscura. Nrog rau txoj kev no, cov duab coj los ua thiab pom. Nws yog thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm thaum daim duab pleev xim tsis yog los ntawm ib tus kws kos duab, tab sis los ntawm cov hluav taws xob refracted.

Cov duab tshiab zoo los ntawm Talbot

Thaum kawm Niépce lub koob yees duab obscura, Askiv tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv William Talbot tau txhim kho cov duab zoo siv qhov tsis zoo, cov duab luam tawm nws tsim. Nws tshwm sim hauv 1835. Qhov kev tshawb pom no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog thaij duab ntawm qhov zoo tshiab, tab sis kuj luam tawm lawv. Hauv nws thawj daim duab, Talbot ntes lub qhov rais ntawm nws lub tsev. Daim duab qhia meej meej txog cov qauv ntawm lub qhov rais thiab thav duab. Hauv nws tsab ntawv ceeb toom, sau me ntsis tom qab,Talbot hu ua kev yees duab lub ntiaj teb kev zoo nkauj. Nws yog tus uas tau tso lub hauv paus rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tau siv los luam cov duab rau ntau xyoo tom ntej.

Setton's Invention

Xyoo 1861, tus kws yees duab Askiv T. Setton tau tsim lub koob yees duab uas muaj ib lub lens reflex. Lub koob yees duab muaj lub koob yees duab thiab lub thawv loj, nyob rau sab sauv uas muaj lub hau tshwj xeeb. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hau yog tias nws tsis tso cai rau lub teeb hla, tab sis nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm nws. Lub lens kaw qhov tsom iav, uas tsim ib daim duab nrog kev pab los ntawm iav. Los ntawm thiab loj, nws yog thawj lub koob yees duab. Keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev yees duab tau tsim muaj zog dua.

Kodak

Cov npe nrov tam sim no Kodak thawj zaug ua rau nws tus kheej paub hauv 1889, thaum George Eastman patented thawj yob zaj duab xis, thiab tom qab ntawd lub koob yees duab tsim tshwj xeeb rau zaj duab xis no. Yog li ntawd, lub tuam txhab loj, Kodak, tau tshwm sim. Nws yog nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias lub npe "Kodak" tsis nqa ib qho semantic load. Eastman tsuas yog xav los nrog ib lo lus uas pib thiab xaus nrog tib tsab ntawv.

Daim phiaj duab

Hauv xyoo 1904, Lumiere lub cim lag luam tau pib tsim cov phiaj xwm rau cov duab xim. Lawv tau los ua tus qauv ntawm daim duab niaj hnub no.

Leica koob yees duab

Xyoo 1923, lub koob yees duab tau tshwm sim uas ua haujlwm nrog 35mm zaj duab xis. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem saib qhov tsis zoo thiab xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev luam ntawv. Ob xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv lojLeica koob yees duab tau launched. Xyoo 1935, Leica 2 tau tshwm sim, uas tau nruab nrog lub ntsej muag pom, muaj zog tsom, thiab tuaj yeem ua ke ob daim duab rau hauv ib qho. Thiab Leica 3 version kuj tso cai rau koj los kho lub sijhawm raug. Tau ntev, cov qauv Leica tau ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos duab.

xim movie

Xyoo 1935, Kodak pib tsim Kodakchrome xim zaj duab xis. Tom qab luam ntawv, xws li ib zaj duab xis yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev kho dua tshiab, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov xim xim tau superimposed. Tom qab xya xyoo, qhov teeb meem tau daws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Kodakcolor zaj duab xis tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv hauv kev tshaj lij thiab kev siv duab thaij duab rau ib nrab xyoo tom ntej.

Polaroid lub koob yees duab

Xyoo 1963, keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab tau txais vector tshiab. Lub koob yees duab Polaroid tau hloov pauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev luam ntawv sai sai. Lub koob yees duab tso cai rau koj luam ib daim duab tam sim ntawd tom qab nws coj. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los nias lub pob thiab tos ob peb feeb. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub koob yees duab taug qab cov contours ntawm daim duab ntawm ib tug huv print, thiab ces tag nrho cov gamut ntawm cov xim. Rau 30 xyoo tom ntej no, Polaroid koob yees duab tau ruaj ntseg lawv txoj kev ua lag luam. Kev poob qis ntawm cov qauv no tsuas yog pib hauv lub xyoo thaum lub sijhawm ntawm kev yees duab digital tau yug los.

Nyob rau hauv lub 70s, cov koob yees duab tau pib nruab nrog lub teeb ntsuas, nws pib ua kom pom tseeb, built-in flash thiab tsis siv neeg tua hom. Hauv 80s, qee cov qauv twb tau nruab nrog cov kua siv lead ua kua, uas tso tawm cov chaw thiab cov qauv.ntaus ntawv. Keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab digital pib nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm.

Hnub nyoog ntawm Digital Photography

Xyoo 1974, ua tsaug rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob astronomical telescope, thawj daim duab digital ntawm lub hnub qub saum ntuj raug coj mus. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1980, Sony launched Mavica cov koob yees duab. Cov yees duab txhaj rau nws tau kaw rau ntawm ib lub floppy disk. Nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tsis kawg rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Xyoo 1988, thawj tus qauv ntawm lub koob yees duab digital los ntawm Fujifilm tau tso tawm. Lub cuab yeej hu ua Fuji DS1P. Cov duab thaij rau ntawm nws tau muab khaws cia rau hauv digitally hauv xov xwm hluav taws xob.

Xyoo 1991, Kodak tau tsim lub koob yees duab digital SLR uas muaj 1.3 megapixels ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab ntau yam uas tso cai rau koj los thaij duab digital nrog nws. Thiab Canon hauv xyoo 1994 muab nws lub koob yees duab nrog cov duab kho qhov muag kom ruaj khov. Tom qab Canon, Kodak kuj tso tseg cov qauv ua yeeb yaj kiab. Nws tshwm sim hauv 1995. Cov keeb kwm ntxiv ntawm lub koob yees duab tau tsim ntau dua dynamically, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntxiv. Tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog qhov txo qhov loj me thiab tus nqi nrog kev nce hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog nyob ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov yam ntxwv no uas lub tuam txhab kev vam meej hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no nyob ntawm.

2000s

Cov tuam txhab Samsung thiab Sony, uas tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis digital, tau nqus tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm kev lag luam digital koob yees duab. Amateur qauv tau hla ciam teb ntawm 3 megapixel daws teeb meem thiab pib sib tw nrog cov cuab yeej tshaj lij nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm matrix loj. Txawm tias muaj kev loj hlob saicov thev naus laus zis - lub ntsej muag thiab luag nyav nrhiav pom nyob rau hauv lub thav duab, tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm "liab" ob lub qhov muag, ntau yam zooming thiab lwm yam dej num - tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab tau poob sai heev. Cov xov tooj nruab nrog lub koob yees duab thiab digital zoom pib tawm tsam lub koob yees duab. Cov koob yees duab yeeb yaj kiab tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau leej twg, thiab cov duab analog tau pib muaj nuj nqis raws li qhov tsis tshua muaj.

lub koob yees duab ua haujlwm li cas?

Tam sim no peb paub tias theem keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab muaj li cas. Tau tshawb xyuas luv luv, cia peb paub nrog lub cuab yeej ntawm lub koob yees duab ze dua.

Lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no: dhau los ntawm lub lens aperture, lub teeb reacts nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab coated nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab khaws cia rau ntawm nws. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis cia lub teeb los ntawm, ib yam li cov zaj duab xis tuav npog. Nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis channel, zaj duab xis yog rewound tom qab txhua txhaj tshuaj. Lub lens muaj ob peb lo ntsiab muag uas tso cai rau koj hloov qhov tsom. Nyob rau hauv ib lub lens kev tshaj lij, ntxiv rau cov lo ntsiab muag, iav kuj tau teeb tsa. Lub brightness ntawm cov duab kho qhov muag yog kho siv lub aperture. Lub qhov rooj qhib lub qhov rooj uas npog cov zaj duab xis. Lub shutter qhib ntev npaum li cas txiav txim siab qhov raug ntawm daim duab. Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem tsis zoo, lub flash yog siv. Nws muaj cov roj tso tawm teeb, qhov tso tawm sai sai uas tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb tshaj qhov ci ntawm ib txhiab tswm ciab.

Lub koob yees duab digital ntawm theem ntawm lub teeb hla lub lens ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis. Tab sis tom qab daim duabrefracted los ntawm qhov kho qhov muag system, nws tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv digital ntawm matrix. Cov duab zoo nyob ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm matrix. Tom qab nws, daim duab recoded yog khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv digital ntawm qhov nruab nrab cia. Lub cev ntawm lub koob yees duab zoo ib yam li lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis, tab sis nws tsis muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab channel thiab ib qho chaw rau cov yeeb yaj kiab reel. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev ntawm lub koob yees duab digital yog me dua. Ib qho kev paub zoo rau cov qauv digital niaj hnub no yog LCD zaub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws ua haujlwm ua tus saib pom, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tso cai rau koj yooj yim taug kev los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsom.

Lub lens ntawm lub koob yees duab digital kuj muaj cov lo ntsiab muag lossis iav. Hauv cov koob yees duab amateur, nws tuaj yeem yog me me, tab sis ua haujlwm. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub koob yees duab digital yog lub sensor matrix. Nws yog ib lub phaj me me nrog cov conductors, uas tsim cov duab zoo. Lub microprocessor yog lub luag haujlwm rau txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm lub koob yees duab digital.

Zoo kawg

Hnub no peb kawm txog theem dab tsi ntawm keeb kwm ntxim nyiam ntawm lub koob yees duab muaj. Cov duab niaj hnub no tsis xav tsis thoob rau leej twg, tab sis muaj qee lub sij hawm thaum lawv tau suav tias yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm engineering. Tam sim no ib daim duab tau thaij hauv vib nas this, thiab ua ntej nws siv hnub.

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub koob yees duab nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov koob yees duab digital tau txais lub ntsiab lus tshiab hauv kev txhim kho. Yog tias ua ntej tus kws yees duab yuav tsum tau mus rau txhua hom kev dag kom tau txais daim duab zoo nkauj, tam sim no lub koob yees duab cov software nplua nuj yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov no. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua daim duab digit altuaj yeem hloov kho ntxiv ntawm lub computer. Cov tsim thawj lub koob yees duab tsis txawm npau suav txog qhov no.