CPL lim nrog ncig polarization. kev kawm yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

CPL polarizing filter yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb uas txhua tus kws yees duab yuav tsum muaj hauv lawv lub hnab. Lub polarizer cuam tshuam li cas rau ib daim duab? Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab txog qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sim rau lub sijhawm ntev. Hauv kab lus no, koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem

CPL lim txuas qhov twg? Nws yog ib txwm nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub lens pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hom phiaj. Cov cuab yeej no ua haujlwm li cas? Nws lim direct reflections ntawm lub hnub ci ntawm tej lub ces kaum. Qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias lwm lub teeb yog feem ntau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv xim thiab ntau diffuse. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov cuab yeej no kuj yuav tsum tau nce shutter ceev (vim ib co kab teeb deflected). Lub kaum sab xis pom yog tswj los ntawm kev tig lub cuab yeej. Los ntawm kev nrhiav lub koob yees duab kab ntawm qhov pom kev txheeb ze rau lub hnubnyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov nyhuv.

Filter rotation

Thaum twg kuv tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws nrog CPL lim? Tsuas yog hais tias lub koob yees duab kab ntawm qhov pom yog perpendicular rau lub hnub ci. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no los ntawm kev taw tes koj ntiv tes rau ntawm lub hnub, thaum tso koj tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau nws. Thaum koj tig koj txhais tes los taw rau lub hnub, txawm li cas los xij koj tus ntiv tes xoo taw qhia yuav txiav txim siab txoj kab ntawm cov nyhuv polarizer siab tshaj plaws.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb tias CPL lim yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov lus qhia no tsis tas txhais tau tias nws yuav pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv lawv. Qhov txwv polarization yuav tshwm sim thaum nws tig, uas yuav hloov lub kaum sab xis rau nruab hnub. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev xav li cas cov lim dej ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tig nws thaum saib lub koob yees duab cov zaub lossis lub qhov muag pom.

Kev siv lub kaum sab xis dav yuav ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo vim tias cov nyhuv polarizing txawv nrog lub kaum ntse ntse. Ib feem ntawm daim duab tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm kaum sab xis rau lub hnub, thiab lwm qhov - ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ntawm ib sab ntawm daim duab, cov nyhuv polarization yuav tsis pom, thiab nyob rau sab nraud, nws yuav pom.

Pom meej, lub kaum sab xis dav tsis zoo tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hloov ntawm "polar" tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyhuv tseem ceeb dua. Feem ntau, cov kws tshaj lij tso cov lus tshaj tawm polarization kom ze rau ntawm ntug lossis kaum ntawm daim duab.

Kev piav qhia

Cov kws yees duab siv ob hom lim los tsim cov duab zoo: nroglinear polarization thiab ncig. Cov cuab yeej no cais thiab cais thaj chaw nplua nuj nyob hauv polarized reflected lub teeb. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, thaum tua hauv qab, koj tuaj yeem lim tawm qhov ci ci, lossis ntes cov toj roob hauv pes sab nraum qhov rais yam tsis muaj koj tus kheej xav txog hauv iav.

Linear lim ua ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim - lawv xa cov teeb hloov pauv hauv ib lub dav hlau. Cov khoom siv nrog lub voj voog polarization muab kev nkag mus rau cov duab hluav taws xob hloov hauv lub voj voog. Lawv tig ib qho refraction ntawm rays mus rau ib tug kheej kheej. Qhov tseeb, lub voj voog "polarizer" tsis cuam tshuam nrog autofocus, tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov raug thiab tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau txhua lub koob yees duab (suav nrog cov qub).

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub ntsej muag ntau dhau yuav raug tshem tawm ib yam li hauv ib qho khoom siv nrog cov kab polarization. CPL-filter muab qhov "ntshiab" kheej kheej refraction ntawm lub teeb ntawm ib lub wavelength tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv ib lub phaj yoj, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws txoj kev ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab txawv tshaj plaw rays yog raws nraim li ib feem peb ntawm nws qhov ntev. Rau tag nrho lwm cov wavelengths, cov cuab yeej no yuav pom cov nyhuv elliptical.

Cov lim dej yog qhov nyuaj dua li lwm tus, yog li lawv raug nqi ntau dua. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cov cuab yeej no muaj cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, thiab sab hauv - ib lub quarter-yoj phaj uas hloov cov kab polarization rau hauv spherical.

Photo

Polarizing lim rau lub koob yees duab yog cov cuab yeej tsim los tshem tawm cov teebmeem uas tsis xav tau (kev xav, ci ntsa iab), txo qhov ci ntsa iab (nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov saturation) ntawm lub ntuj thiab lwm yamcov khoom kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj zoo nkauj. Lawv zoo li cov ntxaij lim dej zoo tib yam, tab sis muaj pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm qhov sib npaug tuab uas tuaj yeem tig tau dawb.

CPL lim siv li cas? Cov cuab yeej no yog dab tsi? Nws sab nraub qaum yog screwed rau lub lens, thiab cov nyhuv xav tau yog xaiv los ntawm tig lub hauv ntej ib nrab mus rau txhua lub kaum sab xis. Cov ntu pem hauv ntej tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov xov sab hauv, nrog rau lub hom phiaj lub hau, threaded hood los yog lwm yam lim tau txuas, uas yog ib qho irrefutable ntxiv.

Cov ntu sib txawv ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam tuaj yeem muab qhov kev xav nrog lub kaum sab xis sib txawv, uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam synchronously los ntawm ib lub lim. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj coob tus ntawm cov khoom casting nyob rau hauv tus ncej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, siv ob peb cov ntxaij lim dej sib tw polarizing, thiab tag nrho, tsuas yog tom qab, yuav tsum yog linearly polarized. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias cov khoom siv kho qhov muag muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog lim tiv thaiv lwm yam khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab kom tsis txhob ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig.

Dab tsi ntxiv yog lub lens polarizing lim nto moo rau? Nws qhov optical ceev yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm ob mus rau tsib. Xim distortion yuav tshwm sim. Feem ntau, qee cov khoom siv tau poob mus txog ib qho chaw nres tsheb hauv thaj av ntshav-xiav, uas ua rau daim duab tig tawm nrog cov xim ntsuab. Cov khoom siv pheej yig tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj me me. "Polyarik", nrog rau "tiv thaiv" UV-blocking lim, yogcov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev yees duab.

Ntaus

Feem ntau cov lim polarizing yog tsim los ntawm ob daim hlau ua los ntawm iav. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog muab tso rau ib tug polaroid zaj duab xis nrog linear dichroism. Qhov kev nthuav dav no yog ib hom txheej ntawm acetyl cellulose uas muaj tus naj npawb ntawm cov microliths tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm herapatite (cov iodide compound ntawm quinine sulfate).

Cov yeeb yaj kiab polyvinyl-iodine nrog cov saw hlau polymer synchronously taw qhia yog siv. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov microlites zoo ib yam vim qhov hluav taws xob teb, thiab cov saw hlau polymer yog coj los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab nro. Lub voj voog lim kuj tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag - lub quarter-wave theem phaj. Nrog rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov txawv ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm ob qhov kev xa tawm ntawm cov kab teeb. Nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob chav refraction ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv crystals.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb

Cov nqaj yooj yim thiab cov nqaj tshwj xeeb muaj qhov sib txawv. Lawv qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev kho qhov muag kuj tsis zoo ib yam. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau txais kev sib txawv mus txawv tebchaws, ntsuas los ntawm lub thickness ntawm cov siv lead ua uas lawv dhau. Nws yog ntsia raws txoj kev ntawm lub nqaj qab lub polarizer thiab tig thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos kom txog thaum nws oscillation axes coincide nrog lub optical axes.

Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, lub quarter-yoj phaj hloov cov teeb ci polarized rau hauv lub voj voog polarized (thiab vice versa), ua rau txoj kev sib txawv mus rau 90 degrees. Nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo li no, tag nrho "polars" raug tsim. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov zoo yog vimCov txheej txheem ntxiv: tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, dej-repellent.

Zoo

Thaum twg yog lub lim polarizing rau lub lens tsim? Cov khoom no tau yug los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm TTL lub koob yees duab automation ntsiab lus, uas, tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv yees duab, tau los ua nyob rau ntawm lub tshiab raug rau lub teeb.

Feem ntau, cov kab hluav taws xob polarization ua rau metering nyuaj thiab hauv cov koob yees duab SLR ib feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov theem tsis siv neeg tsom.

Hauv astronomy, "polarizers" yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv uas kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub voj voog thiab kab hauv lub teeb ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov chaw sab nrauv.

Kev soj ntsuam Polarization yog txoj hauv kev kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov hluav taws xob tiam, hais tias, ntawm cov dwarfs dawb.

Nikon CPL

Nikon 52 mm CPL polarizing filter yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb rau cov kws yees duab toj roob hauv pes thiab rau cov neeg nyiam kom tau txais cov duab zoo. Muaj tsawg kawg yog rau qhov laj thawj vim li cas koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom no:

• Kev yees duab dej (nws yuav tsaus dua thiab pob tshab).
• Tua ib toj roob hauv pes ("saturation" ntawm ntsuab thiab ntuj nce).
• Kev tua ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub qhov rais (kom tshem tawm qhov ci thiab qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm iav).
• Kev tshem tawm cov kev xav ntawm hnub tshav ntuj (los ntawm dej, iav, tsheb).
• Txhim shutter ceev los ntawm ob peb nres (thaum xav tau).
• Lens tiv thaivMechanical impact.

Yuav cov lim dej no rau cov neeg uas mus ncig rau cov teb chaws sov - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov duab zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci ci, cov cuab yeej no txhim kho cov duab zoo los ntawm kev ua kom qhov sib txawv thiab qhov saturation thaum tshem tawm haze.

Kev txwv

Cov neeg uas xav kawm yuav ua li cas thaij duab zoo coj los qhia kev yees duab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Yuav siv cov lim polarizing li cas? Cov cuab yeej ntawm txoj kab uas xav tau yuav tsum tau muab ntsia rau ntawm lub koob yees duab lens. Los ntawm kev tig cov siv lead ua hauv lub lim, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov xav tau qib ntawm polarization, uas yuav tso cai rau koj tshem tawm glare los ntawm dej lossis iav thaum tua, nrog rau cov huab cua ntau fluffy thiab dawb, lub ntuj saturated.

Muaj qee qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv xws li:

• Thaum tig lub lim dej polarizing, nws yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account tias thaj tsam xav tau ntawm qhov kev txwv yuav nyob ntawm kwv yees li 90 degrees los ntawm thawj txoj haujlwm. Yog tias lub cuab yeej tig 180 degrees, qhov kev ua haujlwm no yuav rov pib dua daim duab mus rau nws lub xeev qub.
• Polars soften lub teeb nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab sensor los ntawm lub lens, yog li cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau ua kom qhov sib npaug sib npaug los ntawm 1-2 nres.

Flaws

Cov chav kawm yees duab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kws yees duab pib los tsim cov duab zoo. Peb tau pom tias cov polarizers muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv qab no:

• Vim tias cov cuab yeej no, qhov raug yuav thov kom muaj lub teeb ntau dua hauv 4-8sij hawm (2-3 kauj ruam) dua li ib txwm.
• Lawv xav tau lub kaum ntse ntse rau lub hnub kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
• Nws nyuaj rau kev taug kev los ntawm lub koob yees duab viewfinder nrog cov lim dej no.
• Cov no yog qee yam khoom siv kim dua.
• Lawv xav tau kev sib hloov, yog li yuav ua kom lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua ke.
• Feem ntau tsis muaj rau lub kaum ntse ntse thiab panoramic.
• Yog lub lim dej qias neeg, nws yuav txo cov duab zoo.

Ntxiv mus, qee zaum xav tau kev xav hauv daim duab. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no yog zaj sawv thiab hnub poob. Yog tias koj siv cov polarizer rau ib qho ntawm lawv, cov yeeb yuj reflections yuav ploj tag lossis ploj mus.

Lwm cov lus pom zoo

Lub koob yees duab lim yog cov khoom siv nyuaj. Tab sis dhau sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem kawm ua haujlwm nrog lawv. "Polarik" qee zaum siv tau thaum nws tsim nyog los ua kom lub sij hawm raug. Txij li nws tuaj yeem txiav 4-8 zaug (2-3 nres) lub teeb kis, nws tuaj yeem ntes dej thiab dej tsaws tsag.

Yog tias koj tso lub polarizer rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis dav, nws tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm cov npoo ntawm daim duab ("vignetting"). Txhawm rau zam qhov no, tej zaum koj yuav tau yuav qhov kev xaiv "nyias" kim dua.

Lub voj voog polarizers tau tsim los ua kom lub koob yees duab autofocus thiab ntsuas lub tshuab ua haujlwm thaum lub lim tau qhib. Linear "polars" yog pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv nrog feem ntau cov koob yees duab SLR (raws li lawv siv cov theem tshawb pom autofocus thiab TTL - meteringlos ntawm lub lens).