Cov txheej txheem:
2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:15
Kom tau txais cov duab zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj tiag tiag, nws tsis txaus kom tau txais lub koob yees duab SLR kim. Nug ib tus kws yees duab kws tshaj lij, thiab nws yuav lees paub tias nws tau coj nws ntau dua ib hlis los kawm tag nrho cov intricacies ntawm kev tuav cov cuab yeej. Nws yog unrealistic los npog tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev siv lub koob yees duab hauv ib tsab xov xwm. Txhawm rau pib, nws yuav txaus kom nkag siab ob nqe lus - aperture thiab shutter ceev.
Aperture yog dab tsi? Yuav siv li cas?
Hauv Greek, lo lus "diaphragma" txhais tau tias "kev faib tawm". Tej zaum koj tau hnov tias cov lo ntsiab muag sib txawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv aperture. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv dhau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub teeb los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov tseeb, lub diaphragm yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tswj txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov uas lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv matrix (photosensitive element ntawm lub koob yees duab). Aperture txhais tau tias yog qhov piv ntawm qhov aperture txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub lens nws tus kheej mus rau qhov tsom xam qhov deb. Tsab ntawv Latin F yog siv los xaiv tus lej aperture.
Hloov tus nqi ntawm F los ntawm ib txoj haujlwm, peb hloov tus nqi nkag mus rau hauv matrix los ntawm 2 zaugteeb thiab hloov tus nqi ntawm qhov taw qhia rau 1.4. Standard F qhov tseem ceeb nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1.0 thiab 32.
Lens nrog lub aperture loj tuaj yeem siv los thaij duab txav khoom, tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim kev txhaj tshuaj zoo nkauj thiab zoo hauv chav tsaus nti thiab hmo ntuj. Hauv ntau lub koob yees duab qauv, qhov loj ntawm qhov qhib aperture yog hloov kho los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, lossis siv cov nplhaib ntawm lub koob yees duab lub cev thiab lub lens nws tus kheej.
Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, kho kom raug aperture thiab shutter ceev ua kom tau txais qhov xav tau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw (DOF). DOF qhia tias thaj chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsom iav zoo li cas. Ntawm f / 1.8, thaj tsam ib puag ncig yuav plooj ntau dua, piv txwv li, ntawm f / 22.
Qhib lub aperture ntawm tus nqi qis ua rau cov piv txwv zoo ntawm kev yees duab macro. Nyob rau hauv lem, nrog ib tug loj f-tus naj npawb, lub qhov yuav nqaim thiab tso cai rau koj kom tau ib daim duab nrog clarity zoo ntawm tag nrho cov kev npaj, incl. nyob tom qab. Yog li ntawd, lub aperture ruaj khov yog pom zoo rau kev thaij duab toj roob hauv pes.
shutter ceev yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas kom raug?
Aperture thiab shutter ceev tsim lub npe hu ua ob peb, vim nws yog vim lawv qhov kev pom ntawm daim duab tau txiav txim siab. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, shutter ceev txhais tau hais tias qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lub teeb rays nkag mus los ntawm ib tug muab aperture txoj kab uas hla mus rau lub matrix. Shutter ceev yog xam nyob rau hauv vib nas this thiab feem ntawm ib tug thib ob - 1/30, 1/125, 2 "5 (2.5 vib nas this), 10" (10 vib nas this), thiab lwm yam.
Muaj ntau yam xws li ceev shutter ceev thiab ntev shutter ceev. Lub shutter ceev ceev yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tua cov ntsiab lus txav. Kuj tseem muaj "txoj cai golden" rau kev xaiv qhov pom kev kaw qhov nrawm - nws yuav tsum ncaj qha proportional rau lub focal ntev. Yog hais tias qhov deb yog, hais, 80 hli, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob teem lub shutter ceev ntev tshaj 1/80 ntawm ib tug thib ob. Lub kaw lus qeeb qeeb yuav ua rau lub suab nrov thiab cov duab tsis zoo vim yog lub koob yees duab txav.
Ntev shutter ceev hauv kev yees duab feem ntau yog siv rau kev tua toj roob hauv pes (nrog rau hmo ntuj scenes). Muaj tseeb, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub koob yees duab thiab lub lens ceev. Txhawm rau txo kev co ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov chaw taws teeb tswj tsis yog lub pob ib txwm siv ntawm lub koob yees duab lub cev.
Aperture thiab shutter ceev yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw. Tau tsim lawv kom raug, txawm tias muaj lub koob yees duab yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem ua tau tiag tiag masterpieces.
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