Papier-mâché daim ntawv qhia: muab tshuaj txhuam, khoom siv, lus pom zoo rau kev siv

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:16

Hnub no, muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws rau kev tsim thiab tsim qauv - plasticine, yas, polymer av nplaum thiab lwm yam. Lawv muaj ntau qhov zoo, tab sis lawv tsis tas yuav tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov xav tau, thiab lawv cov nqi feem ntau yog siab heev. Thiab tsuas yog thaum Muse tau tuaj txog, thiab tsis muaj sijhawm los yuav cov khoom siv, lawv nco ntsoov cov papier-mâché sib tov, daim ntawv qhia uas tau paub ntau pua xyoo.

History

Cov txheej txheem papier-mâché tau dhau los ua neeg paub thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab ntau dua, hauv Fabkis. Rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, nws tau nquag siv los ua cov menyuam roj hmab, lub thawv ntim khoom, cov duab, cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab lub ntsej muag. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kev muaj tswv yim no muaj cov hauv paus tob dua.

Tus poj koob yawm txwv ntawm papier-mâché yog cov txheej txheem Suav ua cov khoom lag luam (tom qab hu ua Hariko hauv Nyij Pooj). Excavations ntawm faus neeg thaum ub tau pom tias cov kaus mom hlau ua los ntawm cov ntawv sau, npog rau rigidity nrog ob peb. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, tau nquag siv thaum lub sijhawm kav Han Dynasty (50-220 AD). Thaum pib, pulp los ntawm cellulose yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, xws li kev ua ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau dov tawm, tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau ntim nrog pwm, qhuav, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Nyiv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VIII, tsis tsuas yog npaj txhij-ua scribbled ntawv yog thawj zaug siv, tab sis kuj nws cov txheej-los-txheej daim ntawv thov siv kua nplaum.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov txheej txheem no yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau hauv 1795 los ntawm Moscow tub lag luam Pyotr Ivanovich Korobov, uas coj ib tug papier-mâché daim ntawv qhia los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ua los ntawm cov khoom no yog lacquered visors rau tub rog khaub ncaws thiab pleev xim rau lub thawv snuff, uas kov yeej cov neeg siab tawv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

khoom

papier-mâché muaj dab tsi? Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev. Qhov no feem ntau yog ntawv thiab kua nplaum. Dej, ntoo tshauv, chalk, av nplaum, ziab roj thiab rosin kuj tuaj yeem ntxiv, txawm li cas los xij, ntau cov khoom xyaw koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom loj, qhov tsawg dua cov khoom tiav yuav yog papier-mâché. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nyob ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.

paper

Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua lub hauv paus ntawm qhov sib xyaw no. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov txheej txheem Suav thaum ub, koj yuav tau txais daim ntawv qhia yooj yooj yim papier-mâché, uas yuav suav nrog tsuas yog ntawv thiab dej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau crushed, ncuav nws nrog dej thiab tawm mus rau soak (los ntawm ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb hnub, nyob ntawm seb qhov ceev ntawm raw khoom), ces knead nws nrog koj txhais tes los yog nrog ib tug blender rau daim ntawv.homogeneous loj, nyem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm daim ntaub.

Cov khoom npaj txhij. Tam sim no lawv yuav tsum tau sau daim ntawv nruj heev thiab, yog tias ua tau, xa nws hauv qab xovxwm. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm (los ntawm 1 mus rau 5 hnub, nyob ntawm qhov tuab), cov khoom yuav qhuav, thiab nws yuav muaj peev xwm coj nws tawm, pleev xim thiab kua roj vanish. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov xim yuav tsum qhuav zoo, zoo li cov khoom nws tus kheej, kom cov txheej tiav tsis tawg yav tom ntej. Txhawm rau muab nws nruj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los npog nws nrog ob peb txheej ntawm cov kua roj vanish.

Tab sis siv daim ntawv twg? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: ib yam! Cov ntawv xov xwm qub, cov ntawv sau, cov thawv ntawv, cov ntawv ntsa tsis xav tau thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm kev lag luam pulp. Qhov txawv yuav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm soaking. Qhov no yog peb tham tshwj xeeb txog qhov loj ntawm papier-mâché.

Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog daim ntawv thov txheej-los-txheej txheej thiab tom qab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntawv khi, ces cov khoom xaiv tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, cov ntawv xov xwm yooj yim lossis cov ntawv sau (A4 daim ntawv) yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis rau kev tsim cov khoom siv dav dav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov ntawv nyias, piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov ntaub so ntswg. Daim ntawv qhia rau papier-mache los ntawm cov khoom siv saum toj no yuav luag zoo ib yam, tab sis txhua tus tswv xaiv qhov twg yog qhov zoo rau nws.

Txhob Cia Siab

Txij li thaum nws tsis yog ib txwm siv tau cov txheej txheem pwm uas siv cov xovxwm, ntau yam binders tau nquag ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv. Lawv xaiv nyob ntawm qhov nyiam ntawm tus tswv, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom, muaj cov khoom tsim nyog, nrog raunyiaj txiag txoj hauv kev. Nws tuaj yeem yuav tom khw thiab ua noj hauv tsev.

Kaw

Cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws yog PVA kua nplaum, koj tuaj yeem yuav nws ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom, thiab nws muaj ntau yam zoo. Piv txwv li, txawm tias cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj no, nws yooj yim rau kev thov, tsis tas yuav ua ntej ua noj, thaum nws qhuav nws ua pob tshab thiab ncab me ntsis, vim tias qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem zam tau yooj yim.. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus - nws tsis yooj yim heev los ua noj ntau ntawm papier-mâché los ntawm nws, vim tias daim ntawv tsis ntub zoo hauv cov kua nplaum nws tus kheej. Thiab txhawm rau ntxiv nws tom qab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov kua ntau li ntau tau, txwv tsis pub nws yuav dhau los ua kua heev thiab yuav tsis tuav nws cov duab, lossis yuav tsis muaj kua nplaum txaus, thiab cov khoom lag luam. yuav pib crumble thaum lub sij hawm ziab.

yooj yim pob tshab lo kua nplaum yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tag nrho, vim tias thaum twg nws tau tawg, thiab cov chips tsis tseem ceeb yuav tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Hloov cov ntawv sau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov kua nplaum ntoo. Nws tso cai rau koj kom nce lub zog ntawm cov khoom tiav. Thiab kev tsim cov khoom los ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov ntawv tuab thiab cov kua nplaum zoo li no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo li kev nruj heev uas cov qauv no tau nquag siv hauv cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev tsim cov rooj zaum nraub qaum thiab rooj zaum.

Cov kua nplaum nplaum nplaum yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev ua daim ntawv pulp rau kev ua qauv. Hauv qhov no, tsis xav tauTsis tas li ntawd, nyem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm cov dej-daim ntawv sib xyaw, tab sis nws txaus los ntxiv cov kua nplaum qhuav, uas yuav nqus cov kua ntau dhau. Yog tias nws tsim nyog tias cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev dua, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib xyaw rau cov yas wallpaper, vim nws tau tsim los rau qhov hnyav dua. Thiab raws li, nws yuav tiv taus lub nra hnyav dua li cov kua nplaum rau daim ntawv lossis cov ntawv tsis-woven.

hom ntawv khi no yooj yim rau txhua tus neeg, txawm tias Muse tuaj poob nthav thiab hmo ntuj. Nws yog eco-friendly, haum rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus, yooj yim los ntxuav nrog dej.

Daim ntawv qhia rau papier-mâché hmoov paste yog xyaum tsis txawv ntawm lwm yam, piv txwv li, wallpaper mix. Qhov txawv tsuas yog ua kom nws tuab dua.

Cov khoom xyaw:

• Dej - 1 liter.
• Floor - 100 grams.

Ua noj:

1. Ncuav hmoov nplej rau hauv khob, sib tov nrog 1 khob (250 ml) dej txias, sib tov maj mam kom txog thaum tus.
2. Khau dej seem rau hauv lub lauj kaub.
3. Nco cov hmoov nplej thiab dej sib tov, do.
4. Cua tshaj qhov nruab nrab kub kom txog thaum xav tau sib xws. Txias ua ntej siv.

Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub khob iav hauv lub tub yees rau ib lub lim tiam.

Nov yog daim ntawv qhia ua papier-mâché classic. Nws tsuas yog drawback yog tias nws tsis ya raws resistant. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov khoom tseem ceeb yog ntawv, thiab raws li,Cov khoom no tsis zoo li yuav raug cuam tshuam nrog dej yam tsis muaj txheej txheej ua ntej nrog cov kua roj vanish-tiv taus, qhov tsis zoo no tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb.

Yuav kom ua tau zoo dua, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov hmoov nplej dawb ntawm qib thawj (tsis yog hwm).

Muaj ob peb yam zaub mov txawv rau papier-mâché starch paste, tab sis cov hauv qab no yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws.

Starch nrog PVA. Cov khoom xyaw:

• qos yaj ywm starch - 60 grams (3 tablespoons).
• Dej - 1 liter.
• PVA kua nplaum - 15 ml.

Ua noj:

1. Ncuav dej rau hauv saucepan, coj mus rau boil.
2. Qhia cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau hauv dej npau npau hauv qhov chaw, nplawm tas li. Xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj cov lumps. Nqa cov kev daws teeb meem rau qhov xav tau sib xws.
3. Ntxiv PVA kua nplaum, sib tov kom huv si, txias, lim los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv yog tsim nyog.

Daim ntawv qhia papier-mâché starch paste no yog dawb los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntawv qub qub vim muaj PVA, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib puag ncig thiab tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos..

Starch nrog qab zib. Cov khoom xyaw:

• qos yaj ywm starch - 40 grams.
• Dej - 100 ml.
• Qab Zib - 10 g (1 tsp).

Ua noj:

1. Muab qos yaj ywm hmoov nplej rau hauv daim ntawv ci (ntawm daim ntawv parchment), kub hauv qhov cub kom txog 400 ° C, kom txog thaum muaj xim av xim av nrog cov npuas.
2. Txias, crumble cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, sib tov nrogdej thiab coj mus rhaub.
3. Ntxiv qab zib, boil kom txog thaum xav tau sib xws, txias.

Raws li daim ntawv qhia no, papier-mâché kua nplaum yog npaj tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm hauv tsev, tab sis kuj tom haujlwm. Cov tshuaj nplaum zoo li no yog cov nplaum nplaum, tab sis cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj txhuam, vim tias cov piam thaj hauv cov khoom xyaw tuaj yeem nyiam ntau yam kab, suav nrog kab laum.

Recipes

Muaj ntau yam zaub mov txawv ntawm papier-mâché xws li yooj yim, ob lub ntsiab lus mus rau qhov nyuaj heev, qhov twg daim ntawv siv tsis yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, thiab qee zaum nws tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Tab sis cov no yog ntau txoj kev lag luam. Rau kev siv hauv tsev, qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog txaus:

• Layer classic. Txawm tias tus me nyuam tuaj yeem ua papier-mâché raws li daim ntawv qhia no nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, vim li ntawd tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia txhua. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug pre-npaj daim ntawv, piv txwv li, ib lub phaj, nws yog tsim nyog los nteg tawm ib txheej ntawm daim ntawv ntub dej, grease lawv nrog kua nplaum, ces thov ib tug tom ntej no thiab grease nrog kua nplaum dua.. Rov ua cov kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntau zaus. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntau dua, cov khoom yuav muaj zog dua, thiab ntev dua nws yuav qhuav (los ntawm 1 mus rau 5 hnub). Tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim dawb paug los ntawm lub hauv paus, txiav tawm qhov dhau, xuab zeb, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib dai kom zoo nkauj. Npog cov khoom tiav nrog cov kua roj vanish-resistant dej.
• papier-mâché daim ntawv tso quav tso quav. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm no yuav luag zoo ib yam li hauvclassic version. Txawm li cas los xij, siv cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias (cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov ntaub so ntswg yuav ua tau) yuav tso cai rau koj los ua cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj dua, nrog rau cov duab puab thiab cov duab puab uas yuav luag tsis muaj qhov txawv ntawm cov uas ua los ntawm cov ntawv nplaum loj.
• Daim ntawv qhia qe papier-mâché tau dhau los ua tsawg thiab tsis nyiam vim yog siv cov ntim yas los ntawm cov nqaij qaib ua liaj ua teb. Txawm li cas los xij, pots rau seedlings muaj tib lub qauv, yog li koj tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom siv. Dab tsi rau? Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom no, tsuas yog cov txheej txheem no yog siv. Raws li, qhov no, ib tug yuav hais tias, yog ib tug semi-tiav khoom rau ua papier-mâché. Daim ntawv qhia no yog qhov yooj yim, txawm hais tias nws siv sijhawm ntau los ua. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau rhuav daim ntawv rau hauv me me, ncuav dej kub tshaj nws, cia nws swell rau ob peb teev, ces ntws cov dej ntau dhau, grind kom txog thaum tus, ntxiv kua nplaum. Qhov loj yuav tsum khaws nws cov duab zoo, tsis tawg thiab tsis ntws.
• papier-mâché daim ntawv qhia los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Tsis zoo li cov qe qe, cov ntawv xov xwm muaj cov qauv denser, yog li nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau thiab siv zog los npaj cov khoom loj rau kev ua qauv ntawm nws. Ua ntej, cov ntawv xov xwm soaks ntev dua, thiab qhov thib ob, kom tau txais ib qho kev sib xws, nws yuav tsis txaus los knead nrog koj txhais tes. Ntawm no koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej ntxiv, piv txwv li, nqaij grinder, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws lossis lub sieve, txwv tsis pub daim ntawv qhia zoo ib yam li yav dhau los.

Proportions

Raws li txoj cai, hauv tsev, cov zaub mov papier-mâché tau ua raws li kwv yees li, nqa qhov loj rau qhov sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntxiv lwm cov khoom xyaw, nws tseem zoo dua los soj ntsuam qee qhov kev faib ua feem.

Yuav

Cov khoom xyaw	Zoo plaster	Kev		Kev
	0.5 l	1 l	1 l	1 l
Nyob nplaum qhuav	0, 25kg	mus txog 0.5 kg	0, 2kg	0, 35kg
paper	0, 175kg	-	-	0.05kg
Olifa	0.05kg	0.03kg	-	-
Rosin	0, 1kg	-	-	-
Chalk	1, 5-2kg	2.5kg	1,7kg	3 kg
Nplej hmoov	-	0.4kg	-	-

Cov zaub mov uas qhia hauv lub rooj no feem ntau yog kev lag luam, tab sis lawv kuj siv tau hauv tsev.

cov lus qhia pab tau

Yuav ua kom lub tswv yim ua tiav, ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no:

1. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, cov pwm yuav tsum tau lubricated kom cov khoom tiav qhuav tuaj yeem sib cais yooj yim. Rau qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv vaseline lossis zaub roj.
2. Rau qee yam khoom xws li lub raj mis lossis vases,lub workpiece qhuav yuav tsum tau txiav rau hauv 2 qhov chaw. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no nrog rab riam clerical. Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qhov no tuaj yeem khawb lub hauv paus.
3. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tais diav, av nplaum lossis plaster blanks, xaim, hlau mesh, balloons, cardboard thawv thiab ntau dua li pwm.
4. Rau txheej txheej txheej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los rhuav daim ntawv, tsis txiav nws. Ua li no, cov npoo ntawm daim yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem dhau los, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yuav zoo ib yam.
5. Yog tias qhov loj rau kev ua qauv ua kom qhuav dhau lawm, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov kua nplaum (tsis yog dej), tab sis yog tias nws yog kua dhau, ces cov hmoov av crushed (gypsum) los yog qhuav wallpaper paste yuav tsum tau ntxiv.
6. Thaum tab tom nrhiav daim ntawv qhia papier-mâché zoo tshaj plaws, tsis txhob ntshai sim, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntau dhau los ntawm qhov qub qub.
7. Starch paste yog tsim rau cov khoom siv teeb, vim nws ua pob tshab thaum qhuav.
8. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tau yooj yim cuam tshuam, yog li qhov tsis sib xws uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem txiav tawm nrog rab riam, nrog rau cov xuab zeb xuab zeb kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws.
9. Ua ntej pleev xim, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov khoom lag luam, yog li nws yuav muaj peev xwm txawm tias tawm ntawm ob qho tib si xim thiab nyem, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom ua haujlwm los ntawm cov dej thiab cov xim, uas yuav tso cai rau tsis tsuas kho, tab sis kuj redrawing ornament yog tsim nyog.

Daim ntawv qhia rau lub zoo meej papier-mâché yog txawv rau txhua tus tswv, ib tug neeg pom nws tam sim ntawd, ib tug neeg - tom qab ntau yam khoom siv tes ua, sim thiab ua yuam kev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus lej lojntawm txhua yam kev xaiv ua noj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog xaiv ib qho rau koj tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem sim txuas ntxiv thiab txaus siab rau cov neeg koj hlub nrog koj cov haujlwm tshiab ntawm kev kos duab.

Ntxiv rau, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias kev ua papier-mâché, zoo li lwm hom kev kos duab, tso cai rau koj los tsim kev mloog zoo, kev ua siab ntev, nrog rau kev txawj ntse zoo thiab kev txawj ntse.