Ntoo carving rau cov pib tshiab: cov tswv yim, qauv, cov cuab yeej

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Ntoo carving yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv qub qub tshaj plaws uas tib neeg tau ua. Cov tais diav, qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev, rooj tog zaum, lub hauv siab, lub thawv backgammon, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj li no, tau kawg, txhua tus tuaj yeem kawm ua ntoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, qhov khoob thiab paub txog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntoo carving rau ib tug novice craftsman yuav sai sai no ib tug hobby tsis tau tsuas yog qab ntxiag, tab sis tej zaum txawm coj ib tug zoo nyiaj tau los.

xov hom

Muaj plaub yam kev qhia yooj yim rau kev kho cov khoom ntoo hauv txoj kev no:

• thov;
• deaf;
• sculptural;
• tsev (nkoj).

Sculptural carving yog ua tiav tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. Cov khoom kawg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug cais daim duab los yog ib tug peb-dimensional muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hom carving no suav hais tias yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab tsim nyog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog.

Lub tsev carving, txwv tsis pub hu ua nkoj carving, muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho lwm cov tswv yim thiab siv los kho cov tsev thiab cov qauv. Siv cov cuab yeej no, piv txwv li, platbands, balusters thiab railings ntawm stairs, ridges ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev, thiab lwm yam yuav txiav.

Nyob hauv xov

Qhov thev naus laus zis no, dhau los, muab faib ua:

• slotted;
• openwork;
• propyl.

Cov txheej txheem kawg-rau-kawg yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum siv nws, cov khoom tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los. Cov thev naus laus zis no feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm architraves lossis, piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov tsev teev ntuj ntoo.

Tag nrho peb hom los ntawm cov xov zoo sib xws hauv cov txheej txheem. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tsuas yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov xov xov yog saws xov. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub workpiece raug txiav raws li contours ntawm cov qauv siv yam tsis muaj ntxiv elaboration ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

Cov khoom lag luam hauv cov txheej txheem openwork yog ua los ntawm yuav luag tib yam. Qhov tsuas yog qhov carving nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no zoo li richer vim muaj cov ntsiab lus me me ntxiv.

Cov xov slotted, nyob rau hauv lem, zoo ib yam li openwork. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis no, nrog rau lwm yam, kev kawm tiav ntawm cov khoom me me thiab loj yog nqa tawm. Siv cov txheej txheem no, nrog rau lwm yam, cov ntaub rau rooj tog feem ntau ua.

Txoj kev mus rau qhov kawgib qho tuaj yeem suav nrog xws li hom kev ua haujlwm zoo li kev kos duab ntawm ntoo nrog phau ntawv jigsaw. Cov tshuab no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov khoom zoo nkauj heev: thawv, rooj tog npog, cov khoom ua si, khoom plig, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no feem ntau siv tsis yog ntoo, tab sis ntawm plywood.

dab muag xov

Cov cuab yeej no feem ntau siv los kho cov tais diav, rooj tog zaum, phab ntsa hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.

• paj serrated;
• embossed.

Nws ntseeg tau tias kev kos duab hauv ntoo siv cov txheej txheem ca-nco yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj rau cov pib tshiab. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no, dhau los, tuaj yeem yog:

• outline;
• geometric;
• bracket.

Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, ntoo txiav yog ua nrog ib tug sib koom riam, chisels me me diameters los yog fab. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv thiab keeb kwm yav dhau hauv cov khoom siv cov txheej txheem no yog tsim los ntawm stain.

Geometric wood carving tso cai rau koj los ua cov khoom zoo nkauj heev. Nws yog cov txheej txheem no uas feem ntau xaiv los ntawm cov neeg pib tshiab uas txiav txim siab los ua tus tswv xws li khoom siv tes ua. Geometric carving feem ntau yog siv cov cuab yeej xws li tus chij (hatchet), semicircular chisels, ces kaum thiab jamb riam. Daim duab peb sab dhau los ua tus qauv tseem ceeb thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis no.

Nrog cov xov stapled, tsuas yog qhov ntiav txiav yog ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, tus tswv ua haujlwm ntsugpricks nrog ib tug chisel, thiab ces - qhov tseeb txiav. Qhov no technology nyob rau hauv woodcarving yog feem ntau ancient. Nws yog ib zaug siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos.

Kev cawm ntoo ntoo, tig, tshwm sim:

• paj nyem;
• bas-relief;
• siab nyem.

Txoj kev ua yeeb yam hauv qhov xwm txheej no kuj zoo ib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov txheej txheem thawj zaug los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, cov duab xaus rau qhov tiaj tus. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau thaum siv cov cuab yeej ua kom yooj yim tuaj yeem yog:

• cushioned - nqis los ntawm daim duab, ua rau nws zoo li nias rau hauv cov khoom (xws li hneev taw ntawm lub hauv ncoo);
• oval - txo (cov duab nws tus kheej raug txiav tawm ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau tom qab).

Thaum siv tshuab bas-relief, keeb kwm yav dhau los txo qis heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab nws tus kheej zoo li semi-volumetric. Cov txheej txheem siab nyem yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj dua. Hauv qhov no, daim duab twb zoo li peb-seem - yuav luag sculptural.

Cov cuab yeej yooj yim

Feem ntau, yog li, novice masters xaiv cov txheej txheem ca-notch geometric rau carving ntawm ntoo. Cov cuab yeej hauv qhov no, cov neeg pib tshiab feem ntau siv cov hauv qab no:

• flag (hatchet);
• pob;
• semicircular chisels.

Ib tus chij cutter muaj cov hniav ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug feem ntau equilateral daim duab peb sab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txuas nrog lub kovrau saum. Xws li ib tug cutter marks lub contours ntawm drawings, ncaj kab thaum decorating sab, thiab lwm yam.

Lub cutter-pob zeb muaj V-puab los ntawm qhov kawg (hauv ntu). Nws yog siv los txiav los ntawm kev nyem ntawm qhov tsim nyog configuration. Semicircular chisels tom kawg muaj cov duab ntawm ib lub voj voog. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tau, piv txwv li, rau kev txiav cov npoo npoo-petals. Thiab cov ces kaum thiab semicircular chisels tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv.

Muaj ntau lwm yam cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem ua rau woodcarving ua haujlwm yooj yim dua thiab ua kom cov duab kos ntau dua thiab zoo nkauj. Cov no tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, cov riam sib koom ua ke, cov chisels ncaj ncaj, thiab lwm yam.

Ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej txiav tiag tiag, rau cov ntoo carving, tus tswv tshiab yuav tsum tau yuav txhua yam khoom siv rau nws tus kheej. Rau kev tsim cov khoom siv geometric technology, piv txwv li, koj yuav xav tau: compasses, rulers, tape measure, protractor.

Ntawm kev muag khoom hnub no, kuj muaj cov cav ntoo carving. Xws li cov cuab yeej hu ua txawv engravers. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no, txawm hais tias lawv kim heev, ua kom yooj yim thiab nrawm tsim cov khoom siv ntoo.

Yuav ua li cas txhais tes rau ntoo yuav: manufacturers

Feem ntau, cov neeg siv khoom tshiab siv Tatyanka riam hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, tus nqi qis thiab zoo zoo. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cutters ntawm hom no kuj yog qhov tseeb tias nyob raucounter lawv tuaj twb zoo sharpened. Qhov tsuas yog tias cov cuab yeej los ntawm Tatyanka feem ntau tsuas yog siv los ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom muag muag. Tab sis lub tuam txhab no muab kev lag luam ncaj qha nrog tag nrho cov teeb tsa rau woodcarving, tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov pib tshiab.

Cutters los ntawm lub tuam txhab Czech Nareks kuj tau txais lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov carvers. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no kuj yog qhov zoo thiab feem ntau pheej yig. Tab sis hmoov tsis, Nareks cutters tau muab rau lub khw tsis sharpened. Yog xav tau, tus pib kuj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv ntoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no.

Yuav siv ntoo twg

Tau kawg, tus tswv tshiab yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog yam khoom uas nws yuav ua haujlwm rau thawj theem. Feem ntau kev paub txog carvers qhia cov pib tshiab xaiv basswood rau kev kawm. Cov ntoo no tsis nyuaj heev thiab qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau riam. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas linden suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv uas tsis yog qhov xav tau dhau los. Nyob ntawm seb hom av twg tsob ntoo loj hlob tuaj, nws tuaj yeem yog tuab heev thiab, raws li, nyuaj txaus, los yog, hloov pauv, xoob thiab mos.

Tsis tas li, ntau hom carvings, suav nrog los ntawm cov pib tshiab, tuaj yeem ua los ntawm:

• cedar;
• aspens;
• birch ntoo;
• txiv ntoo;
• pines.

Tam sim no, nws ntseeg tau tias cedar yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau hom ntoosouvenirs, lub teeb rooj, lub thawv, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom uas raug kev nyuaj siab thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom muag no. Piv txwv li, lawv tsis ua tes rau riam, axes thiab hammers, carved txee ua los ntawm ntoo cedar, thiab lwm yam.

Aspen yog qhov zoo heev rau cov ntaub ntawv pib. Xws li ntoo yog txiav kom huv si thiab, ntxiv rau, tsis zoo li cedar, nws "tuav" zoo carvings zoo (tsis muaj chipping). Tsis tas li ntawd, aspen yog ib hom, thiab yog li feem ntau pheej yig ntoo. Cov khoom no tsuas muaj ib tug rho tawm xwb. Aspen, hmoov tsis, yog qhov nyuaj rau zom. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov txheej txheem no, pawg feem ntau sawv ntawm xws li "wetted" ntoo.

Birch yog cov khoom nyiam ntawm ntau tus carvers, ob qho tib si paub txog thiab novice. Xws li ntoo yog txiav zoo, zoo kawg nkaus "tuav" cov ntsiab lus me me, thiab ntxiv rau, tsis zoo li aspen, nws zoo kawg nkaus sanded thiab txawm polished.

Cov ntoo zoo nkauj ntawm tsob ntoo txiv apple yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov ntom ntom. Yog li ntawd, rau beginners, xws li ib tsob ntoo yog tsis haum heev. Ua ntej txiav, ib tsob ntoo txiv apple, zoo li birch, feem ntau boiled. Cov ntoo no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov qauv nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus me me.

Pine kuj suav tias yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau kev txiav. Qhov tseeb yog vim lub hardened resin leeg, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug riam ntawm xws li ntoo, chips thiab hemp yog tau. Pine yog siv feem ntau tsuas yog rau kev tsim cov ntoo loj ua si sculptures.

How to make a blank

Ua haujlwm tawmnyob rau hauv woodcarving, nyob rau hauv txoj cai, nws yog ua tau nyob rau hauv tej me me daim ntawm ntoo. Tab sis txhawm rau ua kom cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, ntawm lwm yam, siv qhov khoob zoo.

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, feem ntau cov neeg pib pib koom nrog cov ntoo ntawm linden. Txhawm rau ua ib qho khoob ntawm tsob ntoo, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau yuav cov laug cam lawv tus kheej ntawm lub sawmill ze tshaj plaws. Xws li cov khoom yuav tsum tau qhuav ua ntej. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau txhuam txhua lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb hauv txoj hauv kev kom pom cov tub ntxhais kom ntau li ntau tau.

Rau woodcarving thaum siv linden, tsuas yog siv sapwood xwb. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais siv lub voj voog.

Linden sapwood, txij li tsob ntoo nws tus kheej tsis tuab heev, feem ntau me me. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txiav cov vaj huam sib luag loj, cov kab no feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab khi ua ke. Fastening txiv qaub cov ntaub ntawv, raws li kev paub craftsmen, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib tug pa vice siv lub siab tshaj plaws kua nplaum (piv txwv li, German Jowat).

Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob chipping

Ib txheej zoo ntawm chisels rau ntoo thiab cov khoom zoo, tau kawg, tso cai rau koj ua cov khoom zoo nkauj kawg. Tab sis qhov tseeb xov nws tus kheej yuav tsum ua kom raug.

Boards - cov khoom paub tias yog fibrous. Ua ntej txiav, ib tug qauv yog siv rau ib tug ntoo dawb paug los ntawm tracing daim ntawv. Txhawm rau txiav cov contours thiab grooves hauv ntoo, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau qhov chaw ntawm nws cov fibers. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus nrog lawv. Yog li nws ua tauzam chipping. Thaum txiav, ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tsum sim ua kom paub tseeb tias lub cuab yeej tsis "thawb" cov fibers rau sab, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lawv pawg.

geometric carving

Ua ntej pib ua qhov tseeb carving siv cov qauv, qauv, thiab lwm yam, tus tswv tshiab yuav tsum tau txais me ntsis tes ua haujlwm nrog riam ntawm ntau hom. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug chij ntawm ib co ntawm junk board, koj muaj peev xwm ua tau, piv txwv li, yooj yim txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis, Christmas ntoo. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv cov ces kaum ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv, txiav ncaj, nrog kev tig thiab nthwv dej.

Cov kws tshaj lij kws tshaj lij qhia cov neeg pib tshiab kom tau txais ib txhais tes ntawm kev siv cov tshuab txiav sib txawv. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsis tau txais ib qho kev kos duab huv tom qab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab.

Qhov twg kom tau txais cov qauv

Cov ntoo zoo nkauj rau kev txiav txim thiab siv tus kheej tuaj yeem, tau kawg, tsuas yog siv cov qauv zoo nkauj. Stylish thiab txaus nyiam stencils rau txiav nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog qhov yooj yim mus download tau hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv mus, xws li ib tug template, ntawm chav kawm, koj muaj peev xwm tsim koj tus kheej. Rau cov xov geometric, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem kos duab ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm siv lub compass, protractor thiab tus kav.

Rau kev kos duab hauv lwm cov tswv yim, thaum xaiv stencil, ib tus yuav tsum saib, ntawm lwm yam, cov cai hauv qab no:

• rau engraving, tus qauv yuav tsum yooj yim li sai tau;
• rau cov khoom loj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv stencil nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus me me (thiabvice versa).

Cov kab los ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm rau kev txiav ntoo nrog jigsaw lossis riam tshwj xeeb yuav tsum raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom raug raws li qhov ua tau. Txwv tsis pub, cov khoom zoo yuav tsis ua haujlwm tom qab.

Stain treatment

Nyob rau theem kawg, cov khoom siv ntoo, cov khoom siv ntoo, nrog rau cov uas npaj rau kev siv tus kheej, feem ntau ntxiv rau cov stains lossis cov kua roj vanish. Cov khoom no paub tias muab cov ntoo ci dua thiab zoo nkauj dua yam tsis tau zais nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos zoo nkauj.

Rau tib lub hom phiaj, siv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub siv - siv quav ciab rau polishing ntoo. Cov khoom siv zoo li no, nrog rau cov stains thiab cov kua roj vanish uas npaj rau xim cov khoom carved, tej zaum yuav muaj xim sib txawv. Nrov heev nrog carvers yog, piv txwv li, ntxoov ntoo qhib, alder, mahogany, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ua ntej staining nrog xws li txhais tau tias, cov ntoo yog feem ntau ua tib zoo primed siv pob tshab, tsis muaj xim.

Ntau zaus, carvings, thiab lwm yam, kuj muaj hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yog pre-painted nrog stain, thiab ces sanded nrog sandpaper.