"Kukuruznik" (An-2 aircraft): cav, ceev thiab yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:15

Tsis muaj ib tug neeg twg uas tsis paub txog lub dav hlau no thiab tsis qhuas nws qhov kev ua tiav. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham me ntsis txog nws keeb kwm, khoom siv, yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov. "Kukuruznik" (An-2 aircraft) yog ib tug biplane nrog ib tug braced tis, lub teeb thauj aircraft. "Foal", "Donkey", Colt - nws cov npe raws li NATO codification. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb aviation, lub An-24 yog ib tug loj tshaj plaws ib-engine biplane. Qhov no hloov tsuas yog tom qab cov tsos ntawm nws cov kev hloov kho - An-3. Lub dav hlau muaj ib lub cav Shvetsov nrog lub peev xwm ntawm ib txhiab horsepower. Nqa tawm hnyav - 5250 kg.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab no tau muab tso rau hauv 1940 los ntawm O. K. Antonov. Peb xav tau ib lub dav hlau ntau lub hom phiaj nrog lub peev xwm nqa tau ntawm ib mus rau ib thiab ib nrab tons rau kev siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev thauj mus los tub rog, thaj chaw nyuaj ntawm USSR, muaj peev xwm tawm mus yam tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm thaj chaw me me. Tsis ntev kev ua tsov ua rog pib, vim yog qhov tseem ceeblub creation ntawm xws li ib tug ua liaj ua teb tshuab tau faded rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Tab sis raws li thaj chaw tau muaj kev ywj pheej thiab lub teb chaws kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam tau rov qab los, qhov teeb meem rov qab los ua qhov tseem ceeb. "Kukuruznik" (An-2 aircraft) tau tsim nyob rau hauv Antonov's OKB-153, thiab thawj lub davhlau ntawm nws tau ua nyob rau hauv 1947, nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 31, Volodin P. N. - xeem pilot. Nws tau txais nws lub npe nrov los ntawm Po-2.

Nrog rau lwm yam kev ua tiav thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, An-2 yog tib lub dav hlau hauv ntiaj teb uas tau tsim tawm rau ntau dua 60 xyoo. Tam sim no nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nws tus kheej, serial ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1960, tau tsim ntau tshaj 5,000 biplanes. Tom qab ntawd, kev tso tawm txuas ntxiv raws li daim ntawv tso cai hauv tebchaws Poland thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv thawj - 12,000 lub tsheb los ntawm 1957 txog 1992, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - 950 nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. 10,440 raug xa mus rau USSR, ces mus rau CIS. Peb lub neej ntev "pob zeb" - lub dav hlau, daim duab uas koj pom - raug xa tawm mus rau 26 lub teb chaws.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm An-2

Lub dav hlau no tau ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Soviet hauv ntau thaj chaw. Heev dav - nyob rau hauv dav hlau kab ntawm luv luv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab cov neeg caij tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub "pob zeb" (An-2 aircraft) tau ua, raws li nws tau npaj, ntau yam kev lag luam hauv tebchaws, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv huab cua. Nwg nqa baton los ntawm Po-2 mus sow teb nrog pob kws.

Ua tau yooj yim heev rau kev khiav lag luam, lub biplane yog tsim rau kev lag luam los ntawm qhov chaw me me uas tsis tau npaj txhijtxheej, raws li nws muaj tsawg mileage thiab takeoff. An-2 yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj kev txhim kho ntawm Central Asia, Siberia, Far North, qhov twg nws tau siv txhua qhov chaw. Lub Ministry of Transport ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 2012 tshaj tawm pib nyob rau hauv 2015 ntawm ib tug sib sib zog nqus modernization ntawm txog 800 daim ntawm lub dav hlau peb tab tom txiav txim siab, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov khoom siv aeronautical thiab cav yuav raug hloov.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm "pob zeb"

"Kukuruznik" - Ib-2 - muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

1. An-2M yog ib lub rooj ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub.
2. An-2PP - tua hluav taws, pej xeem, nrog lub float chassis.
3. An-2SH - pej xeem kev ua liaj ua teb.
4. An-2S - ambulance.
5. An-2TP - neeg nrog caij thauj.
6. An-2T - thauj.
7. An-2TD - thauj huab cua.
8. An-2F - dav hlau rau kev yees duab huab cua. Nrog cov pa autopilot thiab fuselage, civil variant.



9. An-2F - hmo ntuj artillery reconnaissance thiab yees duab reconnaissance. Nws muaj ib tug glazed tail seem thiab ob keels. Armed nrog ib rab phom tshuab UBT lossis NS-23 tsis siv neeg cannon. Kuaj pilot Pashkevich ua nws thawj lub davhlau nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1949. Tsis yog khoom loj.
10. An-2 hu ua "interceptor" nyob rau xyoo 1960 tau tsim nrog lub teeb tshawb nrhiav thiab lub tshuab ntxaib rab phom turret los cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab ntes cov zais pa.
11. An-3 yog lub dav hlau nrog TVD-20 turboprop engine.
12. An-4 - waterborne, nrog ntab tsaws iav.
13. An-6 - sounderhuab cua, huab cua scout nrog ib lub cabin ntxiv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm keel.

Qee qhov tseeb

Lub dav hlau, txawv ntawm kev ua neej ntev, tau sau ntau yam nthuav hauv nws keeb kwm. Nov yog qee qhov tseeb:

1. thawj lub dav hlau qauv, U-2, ua nws thawj lub davhlau thaum Lub Ib Hlis 7, 1928. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Nikolay Polikarpov.
2. Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, cov kws tsav dav hlau tau kawm ntawm U-2. Ua tsaug rau nws, txoj kev mus rau saum ntuj tau qhib rau ntau txhiab tus neeg tsav nkoj.
3. Xyoo 1932, U-2VS tuaj yeem nqa rau yim-kilogram foob pob ntawm cov neeg tuav tshwj xeeb, thiab hauv qab lub cockpit muaj ib rab phom tus taw tes uas muaj PV-1 rab phom tshuab.



4. Peb twb tau sau tias lub dav hlau nqa tawm hnyav npaum li cas, qhov kev cob qhia khoob tsuas yog 656 kg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm "pob zeb" yog 135-150 km / h, nws xav tau tsis tshaj 15 meters rau kev khiav thiab khiav.
5. Thaum tsov rog xyoo 1941-1945, cov Germans ntshai heev rau Soviet U-2, hu lawv "swing machine" thiab "coffee grinder". Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hmo ntuj foob pob.
6. Nyob rau xyoo ua tsov ua rog, cov poj niam tau pib tsim qauv, uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus tsav dav hlau. 23 ntawm lawv tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero.
7. Ntawm qhov siab qis qis, lawv pom tsis tau tag nrho cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua. Qhov no ua rau lawv nyuaj heev los tua.
8. Tam sim cov kws tsav dav hlau los ntawm Ukraine ntawm lub dav hlau no tau kov yeej South Ncej.

Lub plawv ntawm peb lub dav hlau

Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, kev tsim kho txhua yam tshiab tau ua raws li cov lus hais "siab dua, ntxiv, nrawm dua." Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog xws li ib feem.aircraft, zoo li lub cav ntawm "corncob". Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, muaj kev txaus siab rau cov roj turbine xyaw, yog li nyob rau hauv lub 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem lawv pib tsim cov roj turbine cav rau An-2. Tab sis tom qab ntawd tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm qhov kev lag luam no. Thiab tsuas yog kaum xyoo tom qab lawv tau tsim TVD-10. Lawv tau ua qhov no nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Glushenkov V. A. hauv Omsk ICD. Qhov kev xaiv tom ntej twb yog rau An-3.

Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1971. Thiab lub cav TV2-117C tau teeb tsa hauv qab lub cockpit. Tom qab ntawd ib lub dav hlau tau tshwm sim nrog ob lub TVD-850s, uas nyob rau hauv hneev taw thiab tig lub kiv cua los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw gearbox. Xyoo 1979, lawv tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob TVD-20, raws li An-2 tau hloov kho tshiab.

"Kukuruznik" (An-2 aircraft), yam ntxwv

Lub dav hlau no muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo hauv qab no:

1. 5500 kg - qhov siab tshaj tawm qhov hnyav.
2. 3400-3900 kg - qhov loj ntawm lub dav hlau khoob.
3. 5250 kg - qhov hnyav tshaj plaws tsaws.
4. 1240 litres yog cov roj loj.
5. 155-190 km / h yog caij nkoj nrawm.
6. 990 km - davhlau ntau yam ua tiav nrog thauj.
7. 4, 5 km yog lub davhlau qhov siab tshaj qab nthab.



8. 12, 4 meters yog qhov ntev ntawm lub dav hlau.
9. 5, 35 meters siab.
10. 8, 425 yog qhov dav ntawm tis sab saud.
11. 5, 795 yog qhov dav ntawm tis qis.
12. 71, 52 square metres - tis cheeb tsam.
13. Ob tug - cov neeg coob.
14. 12 - tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, kev hloov kho An-2TD tuaj yeem haum rau cov tub rog caij nkoj - 10.

An-2 khoom

Koj tuaj yeem pom dab tsi yog tias koj saib rau "cov pob kws" hnub no? Lub dav hlau, daim duab ntawm cov qauv tshiab tau lees paub qhov no, yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub no: ARK-9 xov tooj cua compass, A-037 xov tooj cua altimeter, GPK-48 gyro-semi-compass, MRP-56P marker receiver, GIK-1 nqe lus. ua ke system.

Cov khoom siv sib txuas lus suav nrog: SPU-7 - intercom, xov tooj cua RS-6102 MW band thiab R-842 MW band.

Zoo kawg

Unexplainedly, daim ntawv qhia txog "pob txha" thiab txoj cai kev txawj ntse rau lub dav hlau tau xaus rau hauv kev ua tswv cuab ntawm lub tuam txhab Polish Airbus Tub Rog. Nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 2014, nws tau muab tawm hais tias rau ntau tshaj ob xyoos Ukrainian tsim bureau ntawm Antonov tsis tau muab ib daim ntawv rau Lavxias teb sab sab uas yuav paub meej tias cov cai rau lub biplane. Vim li no, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub dav hlau tshiab hauv cheeb tsam raws li kukuruznik (An-2) aircraft.

Tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav, nws tau pom tias cov cai raug muag thaum lub sijhawm Soviet. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no peb yuav tsum txwv peb tus kheej mus rau modernization ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm. Tab sis muaj ntau dua 1,500 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Russia tam sim no, yog li lub nkoj An-2 ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho yuav rov qab los.