Cov koob yees duab nruab nrab hom: kev ntsuas, tshuaj xyuas cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws, tua cov yam ntxwv thiab cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Keeb kwm ntawm kev yees duab tau pib meej nrog lub koob yees duab nruab nrab, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem thaij duab loj loj. Sij hawm dhau mus, lawv tau hloov los ntawm ntau yam yooj yim thiab pheej yig dua hom koob yees duab 35 mm. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no kev siv cov koob yees duab nruab nrab yog qhov nrov dua, txawm tias thawj cov analogues tau tshwm sim. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntxiv txog cov nuances ntawm kev xaiv, cov tuam txhab lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov chaw yuav cov koob yees duab kev tshaj lij hauv kab lus no.

Medium format in photography

Nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau yam sib txawv hauv ntiaj teb kev yees duab. Tab sis tsuas yog ob leeg tau noj cov hauv paus hniav thiab ua cov khoom loj - 35-mm thiab nruab nrab hom. Thaum xub thawj, txhua tus kws yees duab siv lub koob yees duab nruab nrab, tab sis dhau sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau hloov mus rau 35 mm zaj duab xis, vim tias cov koob yees duab nrog nws tau ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koob yees duab loj loj tsis muaj qhov tsis siv neeg, thiab tib neeg yuav tsum tau pub noj thiab rov qab cov yeeb yaj kiab, nrog rau ntsuas qhov raug.

Tam sim no, cov koob yees duab nruab nrab hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom hauv ntiaj teb:

• Modern (digital) SLR koob yees duab.
• Ob Lub Lens Reflex Lub Koob Yees Duab (TLR).
• Reflex txhaj nrog ib qho (hloov tau) lens: SLR.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov koob yees duab ib txwm siv thiab cov koob yees duab nruab nrab

Lub tswv yim ntawm "hom ntawv nruab nrab" yog hais txog chav kawm hauv cov khoom siv yees duab uas muaj cov duab thaij duab ntsuas 4, 5 x 6 lossis 69 centimeters. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov zoo distinguishes lub nruab nrab hom ntawm lub koob yees duab zoo tib yam. Vim qhov loj ntawm lub sensor thiab thaj tsam loj dua, lub koob yees duab ntes cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua thiab cov duab tau nthuav dav. Thaum xub thawj, cov koob yees duab nruab nrab tau siv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, nws yog los ntawm 6x9 zaj duab xis uas lawv luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Cov lus nug yog vim li cas cov koob yees duab nruab nrab yog nrov dua? Cov lus teb yog qhov yooj yim - txawm tias nyuaj npaum li cas cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov koob yees duab digital sim, lawv tseem tsis tau ua tiav cov koob yees duab zoo li qub. Lub koob yees duab, tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, tua nrog ib tug daws teeb meem ntawm 50 megapixels, uas tshaj tag nrho cov digital counterparts. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no yog cov duab uas yuav raug xaiv rau luam ntawv loj banners, vim hais tias nws muaj tsuas amazing nthuav dav nrog tsawg distortion. Muaj tseeb, lub koob yees duab yuav tsum zoo rau qhov no, thiab qee qhov nuances ntawm kev tua yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov nruab nrab hom muaj ntau pluses thiab ob peb minuses. Pros suav nrog:

• Cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm loj. Loj dua ncejcaptures cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, uas txhais tau hais tias lub graininess ntawm daim duab yog txo, tab sis qhov smoothness ntawm cov kev hloov mus nce.
• Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov xim thiab qhov tseeb. Ntau tus kws yees duab niaj hnub sim ua kom tiav "xim xim" hauv cov duab digital. Lub koob yees duab hom nruab nrab tso cai rau koj los tsim cov xim ntuj uas tsis tas yuav raug kho.
• Focal lengths ntawm cov koob yees duab no feem ntau ntev dua ntawm cov hom me me.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov koob yees duab nruab nrab kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo uas feem ntau txwv tsis pub cov kws yees duab xav yuav lawv:

• Tus nqi siab thev naus laus zis.
• nyhav heev.
• Tsis muaj kev teeb tsa tsis siv neeg.
• Tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv (zaj duab xis, tsim kho).

Ntaus qauv

Yog tias koj tseem txiav txim siab yuav lub koob yees duab hauv nruab nrab, ces tej zaum koj yuav xav xaiv tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam. Hauv qab no yog "cov neeg muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws" hauv lub lag luam koob yees duab.

1. Hasselblad - lub koob yees duab no yog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lub koob yees duab no coj cov duab zoo kawg nkaus.
2. Mamiya tsim ntau 120 zaj duab xis nruab nrab hom qauv. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Mamiya 645, uas feem ntau muag hauv khw muag khoom noj khoom haus.
3. Pentax tau hlub los ntawm ntau tus kws yees duab rau nws cov xim mos thiab cov duab zoo meej. Cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws yog 645N, uas tuaj yeem yuavtxog $70.
4. Koj tuaj yeem yuav lub koob yees duab Seagull yog tias koj cov peev nyiaj tsawg. Qhov no yog lub koob yees duab hauv chav kawm qis, uas, txawm li cas los xij, ua rau kev txhaj tshuaj zoo heev. Lawv nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm lub koob yees duab dual-lens, uas ib lub lens xav tau rau kev tsom, thiab lwm yam rau kev tua.
5. "Kyiv" - nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam koj tuaj yeem pom cov koob yees duab nrog lub qhov rais thav duab loj ntawm 4, 56 thiab 69 cm. Cov koob yees duab ua nyob rau hauv USSR muaj tus nqi kev ywj pheej ntau dua li lawv cov neeg sib tw txawv teb chaws. Tom qab kev yuav khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muab lub koob yees duab rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.

Medium digital format

Ib tug kws yees duab tsawg yuav nyob tsis tswm rau lub koob yees duab hom nruab nrab. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau paub txog qhov no, thiab xyoo 2010 lawv tau pib tsim cov koob yees duab digital nrog lub sensor loj, uas zoo ib yam li zaj duab xis hom. Raws li nrog cov koob yees duab zaj duab xis, dab tsi koj tau txais nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm cov pa 35mm rau nruab nrab hom yog xim raug thiab siab duab nthuav dav. Cov koob yees duab niaj hnub no yog tsim los ntawm ntau qhov chaw:

• lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej;
• rov qab digital uas tso cai rau koj hloov cov duab kho qhov muag rau hauv ib qho digital.

Cov tuam txhab twg tab tom nthuav tawm cov qauv nruab nrab digital hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no?

1. Pentax 645Z nta qhov loj 4332mm sensor, uas yog 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov koob yees duab me me. Txawm tias piv rau cov koob yees duab puv npo, Pentax khaws cov ntsiab lus ntau dua. Qhov no lub teeb rhiab heevLub koob yees duab yog 204 800 ISO, uas tso cai rau nws mus tua nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag kev tsaus ntuj.
2. Mamiya kuj tau tso tawm cov duab digital rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nruab nrab: 645 DF+. Txawm hais tias nws tus nqi siab, lub koob yees duab no muaj qhov tsis sib xws: qhov siab tshaj plaws ISO yog 800 ISO. Tab sis hais txog kev tua ceev thiab cov duab zoo, nws tsis muaj qhov sib npaug, yog li lub koob yees duab no feem ntau xaiv cov kws tshaj lij.
3. Phase One lub koob yees duab nruab nrab yog qhov tshiab rau kev ua lag luam. Tab sis cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koob yees duab yog impressive. Lub 53.7x40.4 hli CMOS matrix tso cai rau koj coj cov thav ntawv nrog kev daws teeb meem txog 101 MP. Dav dav dynamic ntau captures nthuav dav nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si brightest thiab darkest cheeb tsam ntawm tus ncej.
4. Lub koob yees duab Hasselblad nruab nrab yog qhov rov yug dua tshiab ntawm lub npe nrov. Cov lus dab neeg Swedish no yuav luag 180 xyoo. Cov duab kos npe tau ua tiav yog 5800 rau cov duab kom zoo nkauj Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov cov duab ntawm Wi-Fi, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov haujlwm sib txawv kiag li.

Fujifilm Medium Format Lub Koob Yees Duab

Fuji cov kiv cua tau tos rau kev tso tawm lub koob yees duab nruab nrab lub sijhawm ntev heev. Tsis ntev los no, lub tuam txhab tau tso tawm ib tug niaj hnub qauv nrog ib tug loj matrix - GFX 50S. Lub koob yees duab no muaj ntau qhov zoo nyob hauv txhua lub koob yees duab nruab nrab. Ua tsaug rau Fujifilm's mirrorless technology50S muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau pua txhaj tshuaj ib feeb nrog me ntsis kom tsis muaj suab nrov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koob yees duab muaj lub vijtsam swivel, video shooting muaj nuj nqi thiab muaj peev xwm siv ntau yam sib hloov lo ntsiab muag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub koob yees duab tshiab tsis hnyav heev vim lub cev lub teeb.

Hasselblad koob yees duab

Ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov koob yees duab nruab nrab yog Hasselblad, uas yav dhau los tau ua nto moo rau nws cov koob yees duab zaj duab xis, thiab tom qab ntawd pib tsim cov koob yees duab digital. Ntawm cov qauv ua yeeb yaj kiab, qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog 500C / M qauv, uas tau qhuas lub npe Swedish. Txawm hais tias muaj kev ua neej nyob ruaj khov, cov koob yees duab no tseem ua haujlwm tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo vim yog lub siab ua haujlwm zoo. Lub koob yees duab sab nraud zoo ib yam li Mamiya, tab sis nws muaj qhov zoo sib xws. Hasselblad 500C / M yog nruab nrog Carl Zeiss optics, uas ua rau cov duab thaij nrog nws ntse thiab nthuav. Muaj tseeb, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab tias lub sijhawm tau txo tus nqi ntawm tus qauv no - zoo li ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem yuav Hasselblad nruab nrab lub koob yees duab rau tsis pub tsawg dua $ 100 (6000 rubles).

Hasselblad H6D-100C yog thawj cov qauv ntawm cov qauv dhau los. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov koob yees duab nruab nrab ntawm cov koob yees duab yog qhov qis dua rau cov koob yees duab 35 mm classic ntawm kev tua ceev, qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi, lawv suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Vim li cas? Qhov tseeb yog tias Hasselblad tshaj lwm cov tshuab hauv kev ntse, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab zoo ntawm optics. Rau nruab nrab hom digital koob yees duab los ntawm lub tuam txhab no, muaj ntau tshaj 20lo ntsiab muag uas amaze nrog lawv zoo thiab impeccable optics. Tau kawg, Hasselblad hom tsis yog pheej yig tshaj hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis nws tsim nyog rau cov nyiaj.

Tus nqi pheej yig nruab nrab lub koob yees duab

Cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav pib paub txog lub ntiaj teb kev yees duab nruab nrab feem ntau nug cov lus nug, lub koob yees duab twg tus nqi pheej yig tshaj yuav? Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua teb lo lus nug no unambiguously. Tam sim no, cov koob yees duab yeeb yaj kiab, uas tau muag ntawm cov khw muag khoom thiab cov chaw tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws. Lawv tus nqi nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub koob yees duab, hom thiab tus neeg muag khoom. Qee lub koob yees duab nruab nrab uas pheej yig tshaj plaws tam sim no muaj yog:

• Lub koob yees duab Soviet "Amateur" tau tsim nyob rau hauv 40s thiab 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab tam sim no yuav luag ib qho khoom qub, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem tua tau. Tus nqi ntawm lub koob yees duab no tsuas yog kwv yees li 2-3 txhiab rubles.
• Yashica-MAT LM yog lub koob yees duab Japanese hom nruab nrab nrog 120 mm zaj duab xis thiab 66 cm thav duab qhov rai. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws rau 13-15 txhiab rubles.
• Mamiya C3 yog lub koob yees duab dual-khoom reflex nrog lub lens hloov pauv tau. Tus nqi pib los ntawm 30 txhiab rubles.

Feem ntau, lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev yees duab yees duab yog dominated los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv qab no: qhov kim dua, qhov zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, qhov loj dua cov peev nyiaj koj muaj, cov cuab yeej zoo dua koj tuaj yeem yuav. Ntau tus kws yees duab xav paub seb Canon puas muaj lub koob yees duab nruab nrab? Lub tuam txhab no tau ntev ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov koob yees duab, tab sis nwsCov thawj coj tseem tsis tau npaj los tso cov koob yees duab nrog kev nthuav dav matrix.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv

Ntau tus kws yees duab nug seb yuav pib qhov twg? Cov koob yees duab hom nruab nrab muaj cov cuab yeej sib txawv kiag li li niaj zaus 35mm koob yees duab. Txhua hom muaj nws tus kheej nuances, tab sis muaj cov ntsiab cai dav dav rau kev ua haujlwm.

• Ua ntej tshaj, yog tias koj muaj lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis, koj yuav tsum xaiv hom yeeb yaj kiab. 120 hom yog haum rau yuav luag txhua lub koob yees duab. Lub koob yees duab hom nruab nrab tsis muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis siv neeg scrolling, yog li tom qab koj thauj cov yeeb yaj kiab, koj yuav tsum tau khiav txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm koj tus kheej.
• Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum teeb tsa qhov tseeb. Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ua tau zoo feem ntau tsis muab nrog cov koob yees duab nruab nrab, yog li koj tuaj yeem yuav nws cais lossis ua raws li cov lus qhia rau ISO piv thiab qhov txiaj ntsig aperture.
• Tom qab koj tau txhaj tshuaj lawm, koj yuav tsum ua tus thawj coj ua yeeb yaj kiab.
• Thaum kawg, nrog kev tu siab tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tshem cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab muab nws luam tawm lossis luam tawm. Cov tshuab luam yeeb yaj kiab niaj hnub tso cai rau txhua yam ntaub ntawv xa mus rau digitally hauv kev daws teeb meem siab, uas yog vim li cas cov kws yees duab feem ntau nyiam qhov kev xaiv no.

Tus nqi

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov koob yees duab nruab nrab ua pov thawj tias lawv cov nqi tuaj yeem pib los ntawm ob peb txhiab thiab mus txog ntau lab. Qhov no yog thaj chaw uas cov koob yees duab tshiab raug nqi ntau dua li qee lub tshuab. Hauv qab no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov feem ntaucov qauv nrov thiab lawv cov nqi.

1. Mamiya 645 nrog tus qauv 80mm lens yuav raug nqi 30-40 txhiab rubles. Tus qauv pheej yig dua RZ67 yog muag ntawm Ebay rau 17k. Mamiya cov koob yees duab nruab nrab cov koob yees duab tshiab twb tau muag ntau ntxiv, nrog rau cov nqi nce vim kev txhim kho tsim thiab digital rov qab. Tus nqi ntawm cov qauv no pib los ntawm 2.5 lab rubles.
2. Ib siv Hasseblad zaj duab xis lub koob yees duab hauv kev teeb tsa yooj yim yog muag rau 30-40 txhiab rubles. Yog tias koj xav yuav cov khoom siv npaj txhij nrog CarlZeiss branded optics tam sim ntawd, koj yuav tau them 50-100 txhiab rubles. Hasseblad, zoo li lwm cov tuam txhab lag luam, kuj tau tso tawm cov qauv nruab nrab digital, uas pib ntawm 800 txhiab rubles thiab nce mus txog 2.5 lab, nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub koob yees duab.
3. Cov lus dab neeg Pentax 645 nrog lub qhov rais loj ntawm 4.5x6 cm yog muag ntawm cov nqi ntawm 30 txog 80 txhiab rubles, tab sis cov ntawv luam ntawm tus kheej raug muag rau 13-15 txhiab, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv zoo.. Tab sis tus tshiab digital Pentax 645Z nrog lub lens ceev yuav raug nqi txog 550 txhiab. Tam sim no qhov no yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws nruab nrab hom digital koob yees duab.

Nkauj kho siab tshaj plaws

Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa, koj yuav tsis muaj kev poob siab ntsib qee qhov teeb meem. Thaum muas txawm tias lub koob yees duab zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav xav tau qee qhov kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev yuav khoomMuab lub koob yees duab tiv thaiv kev soj ntsuam thiab kho. Tseeb, tau ntau xyoo lawm, qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub koob yees duab tau zaum tsis ua haujlwm raws li lawv yuav tsum tau ua. Ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag ntawm cov koob yees duab hom nruab nrab, nws yog qhov zoo heev los nrhiav pwm ntawm cov iav, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv lub koob yees duab siv, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov lus ntawm cov muag khoom, uas, raws li txoj cai, qhia xws nuances nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia. Feem ntau qhov ua tsis tau zoo yog suav tias yog zaj duab xis glare thiab teeb meem kaw. Yog li, piv txwv li, kho lub shutter ntawm Kyiv 88 nruab nrab hom koob yees duab tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua tus nqi ntawm lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej. Yog, thiab cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho cov cuab yeej qub tuaj yeem nrhiav tau yooj yim. Txhawm rau kuaj cov haujlwm no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los coj ib zaj duab xis nrog koj thiab ua ob peb qhov kev sim ntawm qhov chaw.