"Rau qhov kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg": khoom plig rau tus phab ej

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

East Prussia yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav uas cov rog tau tsom mus tua cov neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj. Yog li, kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tub rog thiab nom tswv.

Kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress

Kenigsberg tau npaj zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ntev, lub fortress tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm peb kab kev tiv thaiv. Ib ntawm lawv nyob ntawm qee qhov deb ntawm lub nroog, nws muaj 15 forts nrog artillery pieces, flamethrowers thiab tshuab phom nyob rau hauv lawv. Txhua lub fort yog ib hom me me fortress nrog ib tug cais garrison. Thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov forts tau nyob los ntawm bunkers thiab pillboxes kom tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv kab tau txuas nrog cov kab hluav taws tsis tu ncua.

Txoj kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Koenigsberg tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog. Nws muaj cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov tub rog xav tau. Qhov thib peb, feem ntau fortified kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Koenigsberg. Lub fortress tau nruab nrog undergroundkev sib txuas lus, forts. Cov khoom siv dej dag tau tsim. Hauv lub fortress muaj 4 txhiab phom sib txawv, ob peb puas tso tsheb hlau luam, phom tua phom. Kwv yees li 130 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv lub fortress garrison. Tsis tas li ntawd, Koenigsberg tau npog los ntawm huab cua los ntawm kwv yees li ob puas tus yeeb ncuab dav hlau.

Assault thiab ntes ntawm Koenigsberg

Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab fortress pib xyoo 1945, lub Plaub Hlis 6. Lub lag luam yog coj los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub thib peb Belorussian pem hauv ntej, Marshal ntawm lub Soviet Union Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub lag luam nrog rau lub 1st B altic Front, txib los ntawm Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan. Kev txhawb nqa huab cua tau muab los ntawm aviation nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Marshal Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 2,400 lub dav hlau sib txawv, ntau tshaj 500 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov phom tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Txawm hais tias muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, lub Plaub Hlis 9, 1945, lub nroog fortress ntawm Koenigsberg tau poob siab. 92 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw, 42 txhiab tus tub rog German raug tua. Yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom siv tub rog ntawm Nazis raug rhuav tshem. Thoob plaws hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, peb cov tub rog tsis tau ntsib cov kev tiv thaiv zoo li tau tsim hauv Konigsberg. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws, tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm ntev, txawm tias muaj kev sib cais tag.

History of the puav pheej

Tus thawj coj ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, General A. V. Khrulev, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1945 tau teeb tsa lub luag haujlwm ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij - npaj cov khoom plig rau kev ntes cov nroog,uas yog sab nraum lub Soviet Union. "Rau qhov kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg" yog ib qho khoom plig tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj kev, nws tsuas yog ib qho uas tau txais txiaj ntsig tsis yog rau kev ntes ntawm cov peev ntawm lub xeev, tab sis rau kev ntes ntawm lub fortress. Qhov no, nws yuav zoo li, tsuas yog ib daim hlau xwb, tab sis nws zais ib daim keeb kwm, tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub neej ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg.

Lub Rau Hli 9, 1945, ua rau muaj kev yeej ntawm peb cov tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov khoom plig "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg" tau tsim. Lub puav pheej yog tsim los ntawm A. I. Kuznetsov. Nyob rau sab obverse ntawm qhov khoom plig yog succinctly "Rau kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg", nyob rau saum toj - tsib-taw lub hnub qub, ib tug laurel ceg hauv qab no. Nyob rau sab rov qab ntawm lub puav pheej yog sau "Lub Plaub Hlis 10, 1945", thiab saum toj no hnub yog tsib-taw lub hnub qub.

Cov khoom plig nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm tooj dag, nws muaj lub voj voog 32 hli inch. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub nplhaib thiab ib lub eyelet, qhov khoom plig txuas nrog lub thaiv. Lub block ntawm lub puav pheej muaj ib tug pentagonal zoo, npog nrog ib tug striped ribbon nyob rau hauv dub thiab ntsuab. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm qhov khoom plig "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg", lub puav pheej tau muab nrog ob hom eyelet: stamped thiab brazed.

Los ntawm cov cai ntawm cov khoom plig

Cov neeg uas rau ib qho laj thawj lossis lwm qhov tsis tau txais khoom plig, tab sis leej twg muaj cai tau txais khoom plig "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg", tau muab daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub los ntawm lub foob thiab kos npe ntawm tus thawj coj. Cov khoom plig tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov ntaub ntawv lees paub ncaj qha kev koom tes hauv kev ntes thiab cua daj cua dub ntawm Koenigsberg. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm pawg, nrog rau cov thawj coj ntawm kev kho mob tub rogkev lag luam.

Cov khoom plig tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog. Rau cov neeg uas tawm hauv Tub Rog Liab thiab Tub Rog Tub Rog, qhov khoom plig tau tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam, cheeb tsam thiab nroog pawg neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov chaw nyob.

Txoj Cai ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 760,000 txhiab ntawm peb cov tub rog tau txais qhov khoom plig "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg". Cov khoom plig tau hnav ntawm sab laug ntawm lub hauv siab. Yog tias tus neeg tau txais khoom plig muaj lwm yam khoom plig, nws tau nyob tom qab qhov khoom plig rau "Rau Capture of Budapest".

Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR, nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1951, nws tau tsim lub puav pheej "Rau Capture ntawm Koenigsberg" thiab ib daim ntawv pov thawj rau nws tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws tsev neeg. Ua ntej tsab cai no, cov khoom plig thiab daim ntawv pov thawj raug xa rov qab rau lub xeev tom qab tus neeg tau txais kev tuag.

Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, ib feem ntawm East Prussia dhau mus rau Soviet Union, suav nrog lub nroog fortress ntawm Koenigsberg. Nyob rau hauv 1946, lub nroog ntawm Koenigsberg tau renamed Kaliningrad nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tuag tog thawj coj Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin.

Muab khoom plig rau kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg

Peb cov tub rog tau tso dej rau thaj av East Prussia nrog ntshav thiab hws. Lub feat ua tiav los ntawm peb cov tub rog yog invaluable thiab zoo heev. Lub puav pheej "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg" tsuas yog ib qho khoom plig me me uas peb kev tsov rog tsim nyog. Qee lub npe ntawm tus phab ej tau nqis los rau peb, ntawm lawv: Alexei Solomonovich Gershgorn, Nikolai Nikolaevich Piv txwv li, Semyon Samuilovich Levin, Efim Evseevich Dukhovny, Gyulmamed Gyulmamedov, Naplyueva Valentina Fedorovna, Ivanov DmitrySemenovich. Ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv, lawv tau muab kev tawm tsam thiab ntes ntawm lub fortress. Yog li ntawv cov npe tsis tau muab sau ua ke. Lub puav pheej "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg" tau txais los ntawm ntau ntawm peb kev tsov rog, tab sis qee qhov khoom plig, hmoov tsis, tsis pom lawv tus phab ej.

Kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm peb cov tub rog. Lub puav pheej "Rau Capture of Koenigsberg" tau dhau los ua ib qho cim nco txog thiab zoo siab rau peb. Cov duab ntawm khoom plig, hmoov tsis, feem ntau tuaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem cim "kev muag khoom". Qee zaum peb tsis nco qab tias peb cov tub rog ua tau zoo npaum li cas. Kev ntes ntawm Koenigsberg yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab hauv kev ua tsov rog tag nrho: kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv East Prussia tau qhib txoj hauv kev rau peb mus rau Berlin. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua kom muaj peev xwm suav nrog lub nroog Koenigsberg thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet. Tam sim no lub nroog ntawm Kaliningrad yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Hwm, koob meej thiab nyob mus ib txhis rau peb cov tub rog uas yeej tsov rog no.