Vologda lace weaving: keeb kwm thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Lace weaving yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm pej xeem cov khoom siv tes ua. Vologda craftswomen tsim airy thiab intricate qauv nrog kev pab los ntawm bobbins. Cov cuab yeej knitting yog ib qho ntoo zoo tib yam. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom tiav yog cov nplua nuj ntawm ornaments, ntau yam ntawm cov qauv, purity ntawm kab thiab kev ua raws li geometric proportions.

first meeting

Vologda lace nto moo rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb, thawj qhov kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tsim lawv tej hauj lwm, Lavxias teb sab craftswomen tau tshwm sim los ntawm woodcarving qauv, uas cov architects generously decorated lub facades ntawm lub tsev. Kev xaiv ntawm kev tsim qauv kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tsoos weaving ornaments rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia.

Special Become

Needlewomen kuj pom siv rau cov motifs ancient ntawm paj ntaub. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov no yog cov qauv hnyav thiab cov qauv ntawm txhua yam "snowflakes" thiab "spider". Vologda lace zoo echoes "Vologda iav". Qhov kev lag luam no tsuas muaj nyob hauv lub nroog xwb. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov craftswomen hauv zos yog txawv los ntawm ntau yam ntxwv nta:

• du thiab nkhauskab;
• meej thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj;
• muaj cov duab geometric;
• ntaus tsob ntoo motifs.

Natural dluab yeej nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm needlewomen. Lawv rov qab khoov ntawm ceg, cov txheej txheem ntawm petals thiab nplooj. Rov tsim cov contours ntawm horseshoes thiab qhib kiv cua. Tag nrho ua ke lawv tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb kaleidoscope ntawm nto moo Vologda lace. Nws yog lavishly adorned nrog elongated shamrocks thiab spiky buds, rounded buds thiab ib tug tawg ntawm thaum sawv ntxov lwg.

Nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm sab qaum teb craftswomen, cov qauv ntawm weaving yog pom meej meej. Tag nrho cov motifs yog teem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dav ciam teb encircling lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Cov duab kos sib koom ua ke thiab tsim ornate ornaments. Lub cobweb tsis hnyav ncab nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab qhov chaw, tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm tom qab. Saib ze ntawm Vologda lace, koj tuaj yeem pom tias txhua tus qauv yog ua hauv daim iav duab.

Lawv yog symmetrical thiab txawm. Cov txheej txheem no tau dav siv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab craftswomen. Nws muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb clarity, statics thiab nruj. Lub npe hu ua gratings, uas ob peb lub kaum os variants paub, hloov lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Lawv nyiam hais txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, lub tswv yim ntawm tus needlewoman. Cov nkauj thiab paj huam yog tsim txog cov qauv ntawm Vologda lace. Lawv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug obligatory cwj pwm ntawm tsim ntawm cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws phau ntawv qhia txog lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Nws yog lace uas tseem personifies tus thawj Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm weaving.

Historical digression

Txij thaum ub cov hlua khimuab cov npoo ntawm festive thiab niaj hnub khaub ncaws. Lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog txaj thiab rooj textiles. Cov khoom tsis zoo no lub teeb thiab airy tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm Lavxias. Cov khoom ntawm Vologda lace tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Ornaments ntawm kub thiab nyiaj threads tau woven rau lub tsev hais plaub.

Cov neeg peasants siv flax fibers. Tom qab ntawd lawv hloov mus rau paj rwb xov. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm hais tias kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim cov lace hauv thaj av Vologda tau coj mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.

Production

Tau yuav luag ob puas xyoo, cov khoom lag luam tau knitted hauv tsev. Thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub Hoobkas tshwj xeeb tau tsim ob peb mais ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub. Ntawm nws, txhua daim ntawm Vologda lace yog woven los ntawm serf poj niam. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov khoom siv tes ua ntawm kev tsim openwork décor yog thaum kawg tsim nyob rau hauv Vologda. Needlewomen ntawm Gryazovetsky thiab Kadnikovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv txawv lawv tus kheej. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj lawv tus kheej style. Lawv siv cov khoom qub qub uas tsuas yog tus neeg paub tseeb ntawm daim duab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kwv yees li 4,000 tus poj niam tau koom nrog lace-ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev Vologda. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, 40,000 tus ntxhais twb tau koom nrog hauv cov khoom siv tes ua no. Kev zam rau décor los ntawm openwork ornaments kis mus rau lub nroog loj ntawm Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd tshwm sim hauv Western Europe.

Ntxhais thiab tam sim no

thawj tej hauj lwm tau txawv los ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm stylized ntuj motifs nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noog thiabnroj tsuag. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov kev cai ntawm weaving Vologda lace maj mam hloov. Niaj hnub no, cov craftswomen hauv zos nce siv geometric contours, txawv txawv paj duab thiab monumental ntsiab. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua, needlewomen tsis tu ncua tau txais khoom plig thoob ntiaj teb thiab khoom plig. Lawv tau txais kev lees paub hauv Paris thiab Brussels.

Vologda lace: qauv

Openwork weaving ntawm threads hnub no yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau decorate linen thiab khaub ncaws. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov Christmas decorations, khoom siv hauv tsev. Los ntawm nws tsim kev ywj pheej ntsiab ntawm lub wardrobe. Daus-dawb dab tshos thiab cuffs, capes, scarves, aprons thiab boleros yog heev nrov nrog fashionistas.

Cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov fashionistas niaj hnub no yog "kosoryadka", "tortoise", "porcelain", "kab laug sab". Raws li "cov yuam sij", "ntses", "repeek", "circles", "mill" thiab "ships". Lub motifs "txoj kev", "braid", "polotnyanka" thiab "ntws tus dej" paub. Cov "txhais-xaim", "pob ntsej muag" thiab "nyiaj" zoo li qub.

Cov poj niam niaj hnub no tab tom sim rov ua cov qauv ntawm Vologda lace crochet rau knitting. Cov khoom yog airy thiab openwork, tab sis tseem me ntsis txawv. Lawv yog cov imitations thiab yog li ntawd inferior rau tus thawj.

Technology

Tus nqi siab ntawm braided ntau dua li cov khoom knitted yog vim muaj ntau cov xov siv. Hauv qee cov qauv, nws ncav cuag rau caum. Ua raws li ntau bobbins yog heevthiab nyuaj heev. Punch cards tuaj rau kev pab ntawm cov niaj hnub needlewomen.

Cov no yog cov stencils uas ua rau nws yooj yim los tsim cov qauv nyuaj. Lub fixture yog ib daim ntawv uas muaj ntau lub qhov tau ua. Daim npav xuas nrig pab pab cov poj niam tsis txhob tangled hauv cov xov.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th cov qauv rau ntsuas lace tau kos los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse paintings. Nov yog cov npe nrov tshaj plaws:

• A. A. Korableva.
• M. A. Guseva.
• B. V. Sibirtseva.
• B. D. Veselova.
• B. N. Panteleva.
• M. N. Grunicheva.
• E. I. Humala.
• B. N. Elfina.
• K. V. Isakova.

Tam sim no, tsuas muaj ob peb tus kws ua yeeb yam uas tsim cov ornaments rau knitters. Txoj hauj lwm no yuav luag tsis nco qab lawm thiab ua rau oblivion. Tab sis tsis muaj nws, tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab tuaj yeem tsim tau. Yav dhau los cov chips tsim tau dhau los ntawm tes mus rau tes. Lawv yog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yav tom ntej.

Daim duab ntawm Vologda lace qhia tau hais tias mob hnyav thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj npaum li cas. Ib qho kev txav tsis raug ntawm cov bobbins ua rau poob ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm tus qauv, kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm USSR, ntau lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb muaj nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av ib zaug. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov bobbin lace. Cov nroj tsuag Snezhinka tau raug suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam no. Ntau tshaj ib txhiab needlewomen ua hauj lwm rau nws. Lub rooj cob qhia tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Vologda, ntawm txoj kev Uritskogo. Nws ua haujlwm tsuas yog ob peb puaspoj niam.

Tag nrho cov so wove lawv cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsev, nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb zos thiab cov zos ntawm cheeb tsam. Fairy tales tau suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Snezhinka cov khoom. Nws motives tau taug qab nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm napkins thiab dab tshos, scarves thiab cuffs. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim khoom yog cov ntaub pua rooj openwork "The Scarlet Flower". Nws tau txais ntau yam khoom plig muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.

Cov duab ntawm lub hauv paus motif zoo li lub paj tsis paub. Cov paj me me thiab nplooj cuam tshuam rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Ua ke lawv tsim ib lub canvas ntawm daim duab. Ib tug translucent keeb kwm nyob ib ncig ntawm cov duab kos xim rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub creation ntawm no airy masterpiece belongs rau V. D. Veselova. Ntawm lub tuam txhab Snezhinka, nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug thawj coj craftswoman, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsim ornaments thiab stencils rau needlewomen. Tom qab ntawd, nws txoj haujlwm tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm tus ntxhais ntawm N. V. Veselov. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tswj hwm los ntawm tus kws kos duab G. N. Mamrovskaya.

thawj kab lig kev cai

B. N. Elfina yog lwm tus kws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub koom haum. Nws yog ib tug kiv cua ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv loj thiab voluminous, uas yog ua ke nrog cov zoo tshaj plaws gossamer keeb kwm yav dhau. Elfina txoj haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Lub Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hu Nkauj. Tus poj niam needlewoman tau nthuav tawm txoj haujlwm no rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lacemakers xyoo 1978.

Tsim cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kws ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Nws muab tso rau hauv nws cov duab ntawm cov noog hu nkauj thiab paj paj, o buds thiab thawj nplooj. Tus qauv ntawm "Singing Tsob Ntoo" tig tawm los ua tuab heev, sib sib zog nqus. Tab sis lub keeb kwm yav dhau nyob ib puag ncig nws tawm los zoo kawg nkaus airy thiab hnyav.

Hauv kev ua haujlwm tau sivtuab tuab threads thiab snow-dawb paj rwb fibers. Lawv kev sib xyaw ua ke muab lub vaj huam sib luag ib qho txawv xim nyiaj tint. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb, nws zoo nkaus li lub teeb heev, thaum tsaus ntuj nws ua ntau contrasting thiab textured.