Bast weaving: khoom, cuab yeej thiab txheej txheem

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Lapts yog hu ua khau qis, dav siv nyob rau hauv Russia los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb kom txog rau thaum 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Lychaks ib zaug tsim nyog muaj koob meej, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, rau lawv cov nqi qis. Weaved xws khau nyob rau hauv lub zos feem ntau nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub pob zeb dawb tau siv los ua khoom siv.

Ntawm kev siv txhua hnub, cov khau zoo li no, tau kawg, tau mus ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm weaving khau bast tsis nco qab los ntawm cov masters niaj hnub no. Niaj hnub no, "lychaks" tuaj yeem ua khoom plig, ntxiv rau cov neeg Lavxias teb sab khaub ncaws, lossis txawm tias yog khau hauv tsev.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev xaws khau bass. Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws ua haujlwm niaj hnub siv tau cov khoom sib txawv los ua cov khau zoo li no.

Los ntawm qhov koj tuaj yeem xaws

Hnub no, ib yam li yav dhau los, cov kws tshaj lij rau kev xaws khau bast kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo tawv ntoo lossis bast. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tuaj yeem siv rau cov khau zoo li no. Piv txwv li, khau bast ua los ntawmlos ntawm:

• xov xwm tubes;
• linoleum strips;
• straw, etc.

Npaj los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm raj

Cov khoom siv zoo li no hauv peb lub sijhawm yog feem ntau siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom plig, khoom siv sab hauv, pob tawb, thawv, thiab lwm yam. Bast nkawm khau ua los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm raj zoo nkauj heev thiab tib lub sijhawm naturalistic. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv zoo li tsis phem dua li cov uas ua los ntawm bast. Qee zaum, tsis yog cov khau khau khiab khau khiab nkaus xwb yog tsim los siv cov cuab yeej no. Weaving los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm raj ntawm ntau yam khoom yog ib qho yooj yim thiab ceev teeb meem. Txawm hais tias los ntawm qhov no, nws yuav zoo li, tsis yog cov khoom muaj zog heev, yog tias xav tau, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau, ntawm lwm yam, khau bast npaj rau hnav. Hloov cov khau khiab nrog cov khoom zoo li no yuav yog ib qho teeb meem yooj yim.

Yuav ua li cas straws: cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv

Txhawm rau txhawm rau khau bast siv cov thev naus laus zis no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav xav tau, ib pawg ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Koj tseem yuav tau npaj txiab ntse, PVA kua nplaum thiab ntev knitting koob 2-3 hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev tsim cov ntawv xov xwm "bast", koj yuav xav tau ib co dej. Knitting koob rau twisting tubules siv tau ob qho tib si hlau thiab yas.

How to make a paper "bast"

Txawm rau cov neeg pib tshiab, kev xaws khau bast los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm yuav tsis nyuaj dhau. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm thawj theem, ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsim nyog los ua ib daim ntawv "bast" rau cov khau kom raug. Tubes yog tsim los ntawmcov ntawv xov xwm raws li hauv qab no:

• Cov ntawv xov xwm txheej txheem ob daim ntawv yog muab tais rau hauv ib nrab thiab txiav raws kab kab;

• qhov tshwm sim halves yog dua folded nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm sab ntev thiab txiav dua.

Yog li, 4 daim duab plaub ntev yog tau los ntawm ib daim ntawv xov xwm. Ua kom ntau daim ntawv "pob tawb" ib zaug, koj tuaj yeem txiav ib pawg ntawm cov nplooj ntawv uas tsis tuab heev tib lub sijhawm.

Cia li ua raws li hauv qab no:

• dilute cov kua nplaum nrog dej hauv qhov piv ntawm 1 txog 3;
• muab rab koob rau ntawm kaum ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm strip;
• pib cua daim ntawv ntawm lub koob knitting tusyees nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv;
• kho qhov seem seem ntawm cov kua nplaum;
• rub rab koob tawm ntawm lub raj.

Tom ntej no, daim ntawv tiav "pob tawb" yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau siv, piv txwv li, xim acrylic lossis xim tshwj xeeb. Rau weaving khau bast los ntawm tubules, koj yuav tsum tau xaiv ntau hom nplej-xim lossis beige khoom. Yog tias cov khau zoo li no tau ua khoom plig, koj tuaj yeem, ntawm chav kawm, siv dyes ntawm lwm qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas koj nyiam. Yog xav tau, xws li khau bast tuaj yeem dai nrog ornaments, paj, thiab lwm yam.

pab-by-kauj ruam

Ua ntej pib ua khau bast, cov ntawv xov xwm yuav tsum tau moistened me ntsis. Tsis tas yuav flatten lawv. Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev sib sau cov khau los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no. Piv txwv li, rau weaving bast khau los ntawmcov raj ntawv xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem yooj yim no:

• thawj lub raj yog muab tso rau kab rov tav;
• muab lub raj thib ob rau ntawm lub hauv paus-sab, khoov rau hauv cov duab ntawm tsab ntawv "L";
• nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, piv rau qhov thib ob "bar" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "L", qhov thib peb yog cog;
• twist ib ceg ntawm txhua lub raj hauv tus ntoo khaub lig;
• ib yam li muab 5 ntxiv "pob tawb" rau ntawm lub hauv paus.

Cov ceg ntawm txhua lub raj txuas ntxiv tau dhau los nrog cov pigtail yooj yim rau hauv tag nrho cov yav dhau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, cov ceg tawv yog woven rau hauv lub resulting canvas mus rau qhov chaw, ntes sab. Ua tib yam nrog cov dawb kawg hauv qab no. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog lub nraub qaum khau bast.

Tom qab txhua tus ntoo khaub lig thib plaub hauv qhov chaw, cov hlab ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov khau bast (tseem nrog tsab ntawv "L"). Yog li weave qhov qis ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov kawg. Vim muaj cov hlab ntxiv, ze rau ntawm tus ntiv taw ntawm cov khau bast, qhov tsim nyog nthuav dav yuav tau txais. Tau sim ntawm ib leeg mus rau ko taw, lawv pib weave sab saum toj ntawm cov khau. Ua qhov no raws li hauv qab no:

• tawm hauv nruab nrab ob lub raj khoov nrog tsab ntawv "L";
• thawj "tabs" raws cov npoo ntawm lawv kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog calico weave;
• ua ib yam nrog cov raj hauv qab no, nqa mus rau nruab nrab.

Nrog rau qhov weaving no, cov ntaub yuav pib khoov upwards, yog li tsim ib tug ntiv taw. Nqa raws li txoj kev tau piav qhia saum toj no, koj xav tau txhua yamtubules. Tom ntej no, nws tseem yuav npog cov npoo ntawm cov khau bast thiab tib lub sijhawm ua rau sab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ob lub raj nruab nrab ntawm cov ntiv taw yuav tsum tau sib tw ua ke thiab khoov mus rau qhov sib txawv, ncab txhua qhov mus rau ntawm ntug. Tom ntej no, cov khoom yuav tsum tau dhau mus rau hauv qhov ze tshaj plaws los ntawm ib sab ntawm cov khau bast thiab ua tib zoo glued rau ib leeg.

Cov hlab seem ntawm txhua sab yuav tsum tau twist rau hauv lawv cov kev taw qhia. Tom ntej no, lawv yuav tsum tau muab zais thiab glued los ntawm ib sab ntawm ib sab. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov cuab yeej no ntawm kev xaws khau bast los ntawm tubules, uas tsim nyog rau cov pib tshiab, tuaj yeem pom hauv video hauv qab no.

Bast weaving

Cov khoom no tau siv los ua khau rau ntev. Bast rau khau bast, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm thiab tam sim no, willow, elm, linden, thiab lwm yam yuav siv tau, Yog hais tias xav tau, ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsis nyuaj heev rau weave khau los ntawm xws li cov khoom niaj hnub no. Qhov tsuas yog, qhov no, koj yuav tsum xub kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav thiab npaj lub bast.

Yuav ua li cas cov cuab yeej yuav tsum

Bast nkawm khau feem ntau yog weaved los ntawm bast ntawm lub hauv caug lossis thaiv. Ntawd yog, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov khau zoo li no feem ntau siv. Qee lub sij hawm, txhawm rau pab txhawb txoj hlua khi, tsuas yog siv lub npe hu ua kochedyk. Xws li cov cuab yeej rau kev xaws khau bast muaj ib tug ntoo kov thiab ua haujlwm nkhaus.

Yuav txiav cov khoom npaj rau kev tsim cov khau, koj yuav tsum tau npaj, tau kawg, rab riam ntse. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tswv, feem ntau yuav,koj tseem yuav xav tau lub kaus mom. Cov cuab yeej zoo li rab riam, yuav tsum xub ua kom zoo zoo.

Nws ntseeg tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los sau cov khoom hauv hav zoov rau kev xaws khau bass thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hom bast zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom zoo li no yog linden. Hauv hav zoov rau kev sau qoob loo, koj yuav tsum pom cov ntoo siab 3-4 m siab nrog lub cev txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5 cm nyob ze rau hauv av. Cov ntoo nplaum no feem ntau loj hlob hauv cov tuab nws tus kheej ntom ntom, zoo li reeds.

Cov ntoo zoo li no txiav nrog lub kaus mom. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus bast nws tus kheej raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv:

• sib cais nrog ib rab riam nqaim ntawm daim tawv ntoo ze ntawm lub pob tw;
• tua tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog lub zog ntse;
• cais lub bast tube (fibrous part) ntawm lub noob.

Tsuas yog ua ntej xaws khau bast, cov khoom npaj ua li no nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hauv cov ntoo yog tsau rau hauv dej rau ib hnub thiab tom qab ntawd steamed. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj nuj nqis heev, uas yog, lawv raug txiav mus rau hauv nqaim strips, thaum tib lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov seem ntawm cov tawv ntoo.

Yuav ua li cas

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev xaws khau bast los ntawm bast. Feem ntau, cov khau zoo li no, thaum siv cov khoom siv no, nrog rau thaum siv cov ntawv xov xwm, pib xaws los ntawm pob taws. Hauv qhov no, 6 strips raug coj los ua lub hauv paus. Ntawm no, ib qho dawb paug yog tsim rau khau bast - khi. Tom qab tsim, lub hauv paus yog rub hla lub thaiv thiab ob sab yog tsim, kuj hu ua pob ntseg.

Ntxiv cov hlua khi rau frills - heels. Lub ib leeg rau lub zog yog dhau nrog ib txheej thib ob ntawm bast. Nyob rau theem kawg, khau bast yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim daj lossis xim av xim av.xim. Feem ntau, rau kev tsim cov khau siv bast, cov txheej txheem ntawm oblique weaving yog siv.

Ntxhais khaus khaus ntawm birch bark: blank

Cov khoom no yav dhau los yog siv los ua khau tsawg dua li bast. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li khau bast ib zaug tau nrov heev hauv cov zos. Thaum weaving khau bast los ntawm bast, cov khoom yog sau, raws li peb pom, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Birch bark rau lub hom phiaj no yog sau tsuas yog tom qab kawg ntawm cov kua dej ntws nyob rau hauv cov ntoo. Nyob rau ntawm birch, los ntawm lub sij hawm lub bark yog sib cais, tawm qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug 5-kopeck npib yuav tsum twb Bloom. Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los sau cov tawv ntoo birch, piv txwv li, hauv Central Russia thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, thaum pib lub Rau Hli.

Hnub no, ib yam li yav dhau los, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem sau tau siv ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: kauv lossis txheej. Thawj thev naus laus zis yog siv rau kev sau qoob loo ntawm birch bark los ntawm nyias cov tub ntxhais hluas birches nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 13-15 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ribbons yog txiav nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv los ntawm ib tug ntoo nrog ib tug riam thiab twisted rau hauv cov pob nrog sab dawb tawm.

Cov txheej txheem stripping yog siv rau birches nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 15 mus rau 30 cm. Qhov no, tsob ntoo yog thawj zaug ntxuav ntawm moss thiab cobwebs. Tom ntej:

• ua nrog rab riam luv kab rov tav txiav ntawm lub cev ntawm caj npab ntev thiab hauv qab;
• kab txaij ntsug yog tsim los ntawm txhua qhov saum toj kawg nkaus rau hauv qab;
• cais cov tawv tawv ntawm lub cev;
• muab tso rau hauv yob.

Los ntawm birch bark sau nyob rau hauv no ntxivtxiav rau hauv nqaim strips. Tom qab ntawd lub puab txheej ntawm lub bast yog sib cais los ntawm sab nraud. Thaum kawg, cov ribbons raug mob rau hauv cov pob. Rau kev xaws khau bast, tsuas yog siv cov bast ntawm sab hauv.

Technology

Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xaws khau hauv qhov no yog siv me ntsis txawv dua li thaum siv willow lossis lwm yam bast. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias birch bark yog ob sab thiab ob-xim khoom. Lawv pib weave khau bast los ntawm xws li ribbons, feem ntau tsis yog los ntawm pob taws, tab sis los ntawm tus ntiv taw. Tom ntej no, ua kom tawm ntawm ntug, thiab tom qab ntawd ua lub pob taws. Lub lev-puag thaum siv birch bark yog recruited los ntawm 6, 10 los yog ntau tshaj tapes. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv nrog qhov ntev rau qhov dav ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 50: 1 yog siv. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws birch bark weaving thev naus laus zis yog suav tias yog ib qho uas cov khau bast tau taw qhov ntswg.

Kev tsim khoom los ntawm linoleum: yuav ua li cas npaj cov khoom

Bast weaving rau beginners yuav ua rau me ntsis ruam. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej siv bast los yog birch bark, beginners yuav tsum tseem xyaum ntawm tej yam khoom siv ntxiv. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv, piv txwv li, ib daim ntawm linoleum qub los qhia kev xaws. Cov khoom no kuj ua rau khau bast zoo nkauj heev.

Rau kev xaws khau hauv qhov no, siv tsis txhob tuab elastic linoleum tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 8 txoj hlua nqaim tsuas yog txiav tawm ntawm ib txoj hlua ntev 1.5 m.

Ntxhais khau khiab ib kauj ruam los ntawm linoleum

Khau feem ntau yog ua rau qhov nontawm thaiv. Los ntawm kev txiav strips, lub hauv paus-plaub yog pre-assembled nrog chintz weaving. Ntawm txhua sab ntawm qhov khoob, plaub kawg ntawm hluavtaws "bast" yuav tsum nyob twj ywm.

Nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub resulting quadrangle, nyob rau theem tom ntej, lub thib peb kab txaij yog braided rau hauv nruab nrab. Qhov tshwm sim yog nkawm khau bast. Ntxiv mus, plaub kab txaij yog woven tib yam.

Nyob rau theem tom ntej, lub workpiece muab tso rau ntawm qhov thaiv. Raws li qhov kawg hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv, piv txwv li, khau ntaub qub. Ntawm block:

• nkawm khau yog tig ntawm lawv tus kheej nrog rau sab;
• tsib tab yog intertwined rau pob taws;
• tig lub thaiv ntawm nws sab thiab khi plaub lub strips ntxiv rau hauv thom khwm (ntawm ob sab);
• -weave tsuas yog ib tug khau khiab rau pob taws.

Tom qab ua li ntawd, 8 kab txaij yuav tsum nyob ntawm txhua sab ntawm cov khau bast. Txuas ntxiv ua khau bast raws li hauv qab no:

• weave ua ke 2 txoj hlua rau saum cov khau bast nyob rau pem hauv ntej, thaum kawg tsim cov thom khwm (rau hauv ib leeg nrog ob txheej);
• tig lub khau bast rov qab;
• rub tag nrho cov braided bands;
• 2 txhua txoj hlua sab nraud yog khoov thiab txuas rau pob taws.

Vim li ntawd, 6 kab txaij yuav nyob ntawm txhua sab ntawm cov khau bast ze ntawm pob taws. Tom ntej no, lawv pib xaws pob taws nws tus kheej:

• uathib peb tab nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw thiab khi lawv mus rau pob taws;
• txhua daim strips tsuas yog weav tib yam nkaus xwb.

Nyob rau theem kawg, cov hlua ntawm sab yog braided rau hauv lawv "kab" nrog rau txheej thib ob. Lawv hla tag nrho sab hauv txoj kev no, thaum kawg tsim lub pob taws thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm cov khau bast.

Siv qhov xaus

Yog li, niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam khoom siv tau los ua cov khau bast. Yog hais tias cov khoom no yog ua los ntawm souvenirs, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los coj lawv, ntawm chav kawm, birch bark los yog bass. Tib cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev xaws khau hauv tsev. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias birch bark yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau xws li khau bast. Cov khoom no, ntawm lwm yam, kuj suav hais tias yog kho.

Cov ntawv xov xwm strips zoo haum rau kev xaws ob lub khau bast tsim rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv thiab khoom plig. Linoleum yuav tsum tau siv los ua khau rau cov pib tshiab. Xws li kev dag "bast", tau kawg, yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau ob txhais ceg. Tab sis kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv weaving ntawm xws strips yuav pab tau kom sau koj txhais tes. Souvenir bast nkawm khau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv kuj zoo nkauj heev.