Yuav ua li cas daws Rubik lub voos xwmfab: cov lus qhia rau cov pib tshiab

2024 Tus sau: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-26 05:10

Tsis tshua muaj peev xwm peb muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau kev ua tsis muaj dab tsi kiag li thaum peb so peb txhais caj npab, ceg, taub hau thiab tag nrho lub cev. Feem ntau, peb tsuas yog xav tias peb tab tom mess ncig. Qhov no yog vim hais tias ib tug neeg yog heev active los ntawm xwm. Nws yog dhuav thiab incomprehensible amorphous txav los ntawm lub neej. Yog tias ib feeb dawb tau sawv tawm, ces nws tuaj yeem tsim nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj qub. Piv txwv li, piv txwv li, Rubik's Cube. Cov lus qhia sib dhos rau qhov kev sib dhos no yog qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas nws.

Qee keeb kwm tseeb

Ntau tshaj 40 xyoo dhau los, tus kws kos duab Hungarian Erno Rubik tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb nws cov duab dhos ua si nto moo, uas tau muab npe tom qab lub npe ntawm tus sau. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg tsim khoom tau qhia txog kev tsim qauv thiab architecture. Muaj ib tug version uas nws tuaj nrog ib lub voos xwmfab rau kev cob qhia phau ntawv, nroguas tuaj yeem siv los piav qhia pom lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua lej ntawm pawg. Tus neeg tsim khoom tau teeb tsa cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj haujlwm nyuaj - ua kom cov tib neeg lub voos xwmfab tig mus rau hauv qhov chaw, yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib dhos. Raws li, Rubik cov phooj ywg thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tau los ua thawj tus neeg sim.

Hauv xyoo 1975, Rubik's Cube tau patented, tab sis tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub voos xwmfab. Lawv yog thawj tus tsim los ntawm Budapest kev koom tes me me, uas tso lub Rubik lub voos xwmfab ua khoom ua si Xyoo Tshiab. Cov lus qhia los ua ke tsis suav nrog, tab sis cov khoom raug ntxias nrog ntau cov xim thiab nws qhov tsis meej. Cov khoom ua si tau dhau los ua neeg thoob ntiaj teb thiab tau muab rau txhua pawg ntawm cov pej xeem. Qhov thib ob surge nyob rau hauv muaj koob meej tshwm sim thaum lub voos xwmfab tau pom nyob rau hauv lub tes ntawm ib tug waiter los ntawm German ua lag luam Tibor Lakzi, uas yog fond ntawm lej. Nws pib txhawb cov khoom lag luam nrog Tom Kremer, tus tsim kev ua si ua tau zoo. Ua ke, lawv muaj peev xwm tua tau "cubic" ntxeem tau thiab tso tawm ntau dua 100 lab cov khoom ua si.

Sijhawm Ncej

Yog li, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas los ua kom tiav Rubik's Cube? Cov lus qhia tsis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov neeg pib tshiab "pizzlers". Yog li ntawd, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev thiab mob heev los sau. Ntau tus tsis sawv thiab txiav tawm qhov lawv pib ib nrab. Tab sis lub rooj sib txoos ntawm qhov kev sib dhos no zoo kawg nkaus txhim kho kev txawj ntse, txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xav, calms thiab pab kom nkag siab txog tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg paub tias nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los sib sau ua ke ib qho kev sib dhos ntawm random. account rausiv pov thawj algorithms. Muaj ntau "sab" thiab hloov mus rau lub rooj sib txoos loj. Cov neeg zoo li no hu ua "speedcubers", thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej hu ua "speedcubing". Txawm tias cov kev sib tw raug cai muaj nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm World Cube Association. Txog niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb tau teeb tsa ntawm 5.55 vib nas this. Nws tau teeb tsa los ntawm Mats Volk. Ua ntej nws, cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb tau koom nrog Felix Zemdegs thiab yog 5.66 vib nas this. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug cai, nws kuj tau ua tiav ntawm 4.79 vib nas this.

Rau cov pib

Yog li, koj muaj Rubik's Cube hauv koj txhais tes. Cov lus qhia sib dhos tseem tsis tau kawm los ntawm koj thiab koj xav paub seb qhov kev sib dhos ua haujlwm li cas rau koj tus kheej. Cov khoom ua si muaj 6 sab ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Thaum muas, txhua sab yog sib sau ua ke thiab muaj cubes ntawm tib xim. Cia koj lub tswv yim khiav qus thiab tig lub voos xwmfab raws tag nrho cov axes rau ib feeb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj yog ib tug tangled puzzle uas, nws yuav zoo li, yuav unraveled. Ntau tus neeg xav kom koj ua kom tiav lub voos xwmfab rau hauv qhov chaw ua ntej kev sib dhos ncaj qha kom paub tseeb tias lub tshuab ua kom raug. Yog tias txhua yam yog lawm, ces koj tuaj yeem pib txheej txheem. Tus pib tsim muaj xya theem, txhua qhov ua tau zoo txawm tias yog menyuam yaus.

cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam: yuav ua li cas daws Rubik lub voos xwmfab

Koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau sab dawb. Xav txog tias qhov no yog lub hauv paus uas tuav tag nrho cov qauv. Tom qab txhua "kev dag ntxias" kos rau sab dawb kom nws txoj kev ncaj ncees tsis puas. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, sau ib tug ntoo khaub lig dawb, thiab qhov twg lub square dawb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Thov nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm txhua sab qhia cov xim twg los sau qhov twg. Nyob rau theem ob, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov ces kaum ntawm sab dawb. Tom ntej no tuaj cov npoo ntawm txheej dawb, tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv kab kawg. Tom qab koj yuav tsum txav mus rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov npoo thiab cov ces kaum ntawm txheej kawg thiab tig cov ces kaum.

Ntawm cov nquag

Kev qhia Rubik's Cube nrov heev los ntawm Jessica Friedrich. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev sib dhos ceev uas tsis tas yuav nco txog ntau tus qauv. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, ib tug ntoo khaub lig yog assembled ntawm ib sab. Thawj txheej yog sau ib txhij nrog lub thib ob. Tom ntej no los txog kev taw qhia thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm txheej saum toj kawg nkaus.

Nyob rau hauv kev xav

Yog tias koj tsis xav cim cov qauv, ces koj yuav nyiam cov lus qhia ib ntus ntawm Rubik lub voos xwmfab raws li tus qauv ntawm Valery Morozov. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum nco txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib dhos. Ua ntej, yim lub kaum sab xis yog sib sau ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, plaub ribs nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txheej yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm sab. Qhov seem yim ntawm ntug yuav tsum ua cov khub tsis tu ncua. Thaum kawg, rau qhov chaw nruab nrab tau teeb tsa ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag.

Taug kev raws kab kab

Yog tias koj twb tau sim thiab tseem tswj kom ua tiav qhov puzzle, koj tuaj yeem sim qhov hu ua strip method. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau 55 lub voos xwmfab, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev cob qhia me me - 33.

raumastering txoj kev, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv sab thiab paub qhov kev sib hloov ntawm lub voos xwmfab clockwise thiab counterclockwise. Lub rooj sib txoos pib nrog tus ntoo khaub lig dawb tsis muaj npe. Tom ntej no, nws yuav tsum tau txuas mus rau lub ces kaum. Koj txoj hauj lwm yog kom phim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sab nrog rau sab sauv sawv daws yuav, uas txuas mus los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig dawb. Koj yuav tsum txav lub kaum sab xis dawb mus rau tib sab. Ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem paub Rubik lub voos xwmfab hauv txoj kev no. Cov lus qhia sib dhos rau cov pib ntawm hom no tsis yooj yim, tab sis lawv muab cov lus qhia zoo ib yam. Npaj txhij rau qhov tseeb tias qhov no tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim.

Basic Knowledge

Yog li nws hloov tawm tias ntau tus neeg lawv tus kheej tuaj nrog lub algorithm los daws qhov Rubik lub voos xwmfab. Cov lus qhia step-by-step tsis tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau lawv. Tej zaum koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus kheej txoj kev thiab? Txhua yam ua tau, tab sis muaj cov kev paub yooj yim uas yuav pab tau rau txhua tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, lub voos xwmfab muaj ib tug ncej - ib tug ntoo khaub lig, nyob rau hauv uas lub central qhov chaw yog txuas. Tag nrho cov khoom yog txav tau, thiab lub voos xwmfab nws tus kheej yog tig mus rau txhua qhov kev qhia. Sab dawb feem ntau yog coj los ua lub hauv paus, thiab sab nraud feem ntau yog daj. Kev sib hloov ntawm qhov chaw yog ua tau clockwise, counterclockwise thiab 180 degrees. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws paub tias txoj kev sib dhos yooj yim tshaj plaws suav nrog xya theem ua tiav. Tus ntoo khaub lig dawb ib txwm sib sau ua ntej

theem tseem ceeb

Yog li, ntawm no yog Rubik's Cube, cov lus qhia rau cov pib tshiab, thiab hauv Tshuag - txog ib nrab teev. Qhov no yog txaus los kawm cov hauv paus ntawm kev sib dhos. Thaum pib, tsis txhob caum tom qab lub sijhawm. Xyaum thiab xyaum xwbyuav pab koj ua tus speedcuber. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, sim kom paub lub ntsiab theem - lub rooj sib txoos ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev vam meej speedcubers ua nws intuitively, vim tsis muaj cov qauv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nrhiav sab hauv uas lub voos xwmfab dawb nyob hauv qhov chaw. Nco ntsoov tias txhua lub voos xwmfab ntug muaj ob xim thiab, raws li, nws yuav tsum phim ob lub chaw - dawb thiab xim. Tam sim no kos rau sab nrog lub chaw dawb rau cov npoo dawb. Yog hais tias lawv yog, ces tsuas tig lub hauv qab ntawm lub voos xwmfab kom phim lub ntug nrog rau qhov chaw thib ob. Tam sim no saib ntawm sab nraud: yog tias muaj lub ntsej muag dawb, ces nws yooj yim heev kom rov qab mus rau sab dawb. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv tuaj yeem hloov kho rau sab saum toj los ntawm kev nqa sab dawb ntawm lub voos xwmfab mus rau sab saum toj thiab tig mus rau qhov chaw.

Pib tsim txheej txheem

Thawj ob txheej tuaj yeem tso tawm yooj yim heev. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm muaj teeb meem heev rau cov neeg uas xav paub yuav ua li cas daws Rubik's Cube. Cov lus qhia rau cov neeg pib tshiab yuav yog qhov kev pab cuam pom, tab sis feem ntau cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem ua tiav intuitively. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog kev teeb tsa ntawm kaum lub qhov cub hauv thawj txheej. Speedcubers muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau qhov no, uas lawv hu ua "bang-bang." Los ntawm txoj kev, nws kuj muaj nws tus kheej formula. Sim ua kom lub voos xwmfab nrog qhov chaw dawb (thiab sab, raws li) nqes. Nrhiav ib sab tuag uas phim cov xim ntawm ciam teb sab. Nqa cov ntug sab saud, thiab tom qab ntawd coj mus rau sab, ntxeev ntawm sab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig uas "sab laug" mus rau sab nraud. Cov txheej txheem rau txheej txheej kaum lub voos xwmfab tseem zoo ib yam - tshawb nrhiav lub voos xwmfab hauv ximthav duab, nqa mus rau qhov xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus rau sab ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog lub "tshiab" lub voos xwmfab. Tom qab txhim kho lub kaum sab xis hauv qab txheej, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov thib ob los ntawm hauv qab. Cov algorithm zoo sib xws, tab sis kev tshawb fawb rau cubes ua nyuaj thiab ntev dua. Cov tib ntug cubes tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw siv ib qho qauv thiab nws daim iav duab. Ua ntej txheej txheej, koj yuav tsum tau tig cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus thiab teeb tsa lub voos xwmfab ntug hauv qhov chaw zoo. Nco ntsoov xyuas kom meej tias cov xim ntawm lub ntsej muag sab sib phim nrog cov xim ntawm lub hauv paus sector ntawm nruab nrab txheej. Auj, thiab tsis txhob rhuav tshem saum ntoo khaub lig dawb. Yog hais tias koj tab tom tsim lub sab dawb, ces nws txoj kev ncaj ncees yuav tsis raug ua txhaum ib tug priori, tab sis yog hais tias cov xim sab yog sib sau ua ke, kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig dawb yog fraught nrog tag nrho chaos nyob rau hauv lub puzzle. Nrog rau daim iav zoo sib xws, koj tuaj yeem sau tag nrho sab dawb thiab ob sab qis ntawm txhua sab. Ntxiv rau, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm koj txoj haujlwm, cov haujlwm hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob sab yuav tsum sib koom nrog cov chaw. Tam sim no koj tau sab laug nrog cov kauj ruam kawg - sau cov ces kaum ntawm sab saum toj.

Ntau tus neeg daws Rubik's Cube hauv lawv lub sijhawm dawb thiab sim ua kom sai thiab yooj yim dua li lwm tus. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, kev tshawb nrhiav lub npe hu ua Vajtswv algorithm rau kev sib dhos ceev tau pib. Lej, programmers thiab tsuas nyiam cov kev tshawb fawb puzzles tab tom nrhiav ib txoj hauv kev uas tso cai rau lawv los daws cov puzzle hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev txav. Nyob rau hauv 2010, programmer Thomas Rokiki, mathematicians Herbert Kotsemba thiab Morley Davidson, thiab engineer John Dethridge tswj los mus ua pov thawj tias tej configuration ntawm lub puzzle yuav daws tau nyob rau hauv 20 tsiv siab tshaj plaws. Hauv qhov no, txhua qhov tig ntawm ntug yog suav tias yog kev txav mus los.